LIKOLISHI LETEBULUNGISWA
IMISHADO YENDZABUKO KANYE NEMTSETFO WEKWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA LIFA
LOKUCUKETFWE
A. IMISHADO YENDZABUKO NGEKULANDZELA UMTSETFO WEKWEMUKELWA KWEMISHADO YENDZABUKO NOMBOLO 120 WANGA-1998 ???????????????????..??? 1
B. KWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA LIFA
TIHLOMELO
SENDVULELA
Lamanotsi akazange abhalwe ngenhloso yekutsi abe ngumculu lojiyile nalohlahluba umtsetfo, kepha kutsi abe yinkhombandlela kubameli mayelana nemishado kanye nekudliwa kwelifa.
Ngenca yemitsetfo yasesikhatsini selubandlululo imishado yebantfu bendzabuko baseNingizimu Afrika beyingemukelwa nobe icedvwe ngekutentakalela ngaphasi kwetimo letitsite. Umtsetfo lomusha lokukhulunywa ngawo kulamanotsi uletse tingucuko letibaluleke kakhulu kumasiko, njengobe kutawubonakala lapha ngentasi.
Ngalokunjalo indlela bekuphatfwa ngayo imphahla yemafa ebantfu labaMnyama labashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa beyingahambisani nakancane nemtsetfosisekelo futsi kwadzimate kwadzingeka umtsetfo lowendlalwe ngekuhunyushwa emacaleni kuze Litiko leTebulungiswa ligucule umtsetfo kutsi uhambisane neMtsetfosisekelo.
Kutawubonakala kutsi lomtsetfo lomusha lokukhulunywa ngawo kulamanotsi nawo awuhambisani nemasiko ebantfu bendzabuko baseNingizimu Afrika, kepha lena akusiyo inhloso yalokukhulumisana. Nguwe lotawuba ngumehluleli waloko!
INHLOKO: KUCECESHWA KUTEMATAYITELA
LIKOLISHI LETEBULUNGISWA
TINKHOMBA
IMISHADO YENDZABUKO
EMACALA
UMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko
Nombolo 120 wanga-1998
ISekhula yemBhalisi lomKhulu wemaTayitela Nombolo 15 yanga-2000
Emacala
Ema-atikili
119 SALJ 748
56 THRHR 392
KUDLA LIFA
Emacala
IMITSETFO
UMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama
UMtsetfo Nombolo 38 wanga-1927, (sigaba 23)
UMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa
UMtsetfo Nombolo 66 wanga-1965
UMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba
UMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987
SiMemetelo R200 sanga-1987
A. UMTSETFO WEKWEMUKELWA KWEMISHADO YENDZABUKO NOMBOLO 120 WANGA-1998
SINGENISO
Ngembi kwekungena kabanti enkhulumeni lejulile mayelana neMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko (kusukela lapha lotawubitwa ngekutsi ?uMtsetfo?) kunesidzingo sekuniketa sibuyeketo lesifisha mayelana nesimo lesisemtsetfweni lesiphatselene nemishado yesilungu kanye ?nemishado yendzabuko? leyentiwa ngembi kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000, (lokusho lusuku lapho loMtsetfo wacala kusebenta khona).
IMISHADO YESILUNGU NGEKULANDZELA UMTSETFO WEKULAWULWA KWALABAMNYAMA NOMBOLO 38 WANGA-1927
Simo kusukela nga-1929 kuya kumhlaka 1 Disemba 1988
Ngekulandzela sigaba lesicitsiwe 226 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, imishado yesilungu yebantfu labamnyama ngekutentakalela beyiba nguleyo yekwehlukanisa imphahla lapho kunekwehlukana ngekwenzuzo nekulahlekelwa kanye nekugcinwa kweligunya lendvodza lekuba yinhloko kuko konkhe buka Ex parte Minister of Native Affairs: ecaleni laMolefe v Molefe 1946 AD 315 na-Bopape v Moloto 2001 1 SA 383 T. Uma kufunwa kutsi umshado ube ngulohlanganisa imphahla futsi ube nekuhlanganyela inzuzo nekulahlekelwa uma kungakentiwanga sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado, sabhaliswa, bantfu labamnyama bebaphocelekile kutsi bente simemetelo ngaloluhlobo ngembi kwemshadisi, esikhatsini lesiyinyanga ngembi kwekugidvwa kwemshado.
Nanobe kunjalo, loko kuhlanganiswa kwemphahla, njll, bekwenteka kuphela uma lendvodza leshadako ingakaze ishade ngemshado wendzabuko nalomunye umlingani ngaphandle kwalowo lehlose kumshada ngesilungu.
Ngamhlaka 1 Novemba 1984, uMtsetfo wemShado wekuHlanganisa iMphahla Nombolo 88 wanga-1984 waphasiswa kantsi, lokufaka ekhatsi lokunye, wacedza ligunya lendvodza lekuba yinhloko kuko konkhe macondzana nemfati wemshado wesilungu, nobe ngekulandzela umtsetfo wemvelo. Umphumela waloko kwaba kutsi, kusukela ngamhlaka 1 Novemba 1984, ligunya lendvodza lekuba yinhloko kuko konkhe macondzana nemfati ngekulandzela umshado lokungenwa kuwo ngekulandzela sigaba lesicitsiwe 22 lesacitfwa ngekusukela esikhatsini lesengcile.
Umphumela wemshado wesilungu emshadweni lokhona wendzabuko
Njengobe balingani emshadweni wendzabuko bebangatsatfwa njengalabashadile ngekwemtsetfo, lomunye kubo bekanako kutsi ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado angene emshadweni losemtsetfweni wesilungu nalomunye umuntfu. Umphumela walowo mshado wesilungu kulomshado wendzabuko bekuba ngukutsi lowo mshado wendzabuko uyacitseka (buka Nkambula v Linda 1951 SA 377 (A) na-Malaza v Mndaweni 1975 BAC (C) 45). Umfati walowo mshado wendzabuko bekatsatfwa ?njengemfati lowaliwe?. Lomfati walowo mshado wendzabuko naye bekanako kutsi angangena emshadweni wesilungu nalomunye umuntfu bese ngalokufanako lowo mshado wendzabuko lokhona ngekutentakalela ucitseka. Kutsi ngabe leyo mishado yendzabuko iyavuseleleka ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko Nombolo 120 wanga-1998 (sigaba 2) ludzaba lokusamele tinkantolo titsatse sincumo ngalo.
Sigaba 22 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, Nombolo 38 wanga-1927, nanobe kunjalo, besiniketa kuvikeleka kwemndeni lolahliwe uma lendvodza ishona. Macondzana nenhloso yekudla lifa, simo semfelokati nebantfwana bemshado wesilungu besitsatfwa njengalesifanako nesaleso semfelokati nebantfwana bemshado wendzabuko. Ngaleso sizatfu, simo lebesinekubonelela lebesiniketwa umfati wemshado wesilungu nebantfwana bakhe besibekelwa eceleni bese batsatfwa njengalabalinganako nalomfati (bafati) wekucala (bekucala) kanye nebantfwana bakhe (babo).
Ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wesiChibiyelo seMtsetfo weMshado neMtsetfo wemShado wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, Nombolo 3 wanga-1988, lowacala kusebenta ngamhlaka 2 Disemba 1988, uMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama wanga-1927 wachitjiyelwa.
LoMtsetfo wesiChibiyelo waletsa letingucuko letilandzelako:
Kucitfwa kwesigaba 22 
Umphumela wekucitfwa kwaba ngukutsi yonkhe imishado eNingizimu Afrika yabekwa ezingeni lelifanako kantsi neMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla wentiwa kutsi usebente emishadweni yebantfu labamnyama lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwamhlaka 2 Disemba 1988. Ngaloko-ke imishado lokwangenwa kuyo ngemuva kwamhlaka 2 Disemba 1988 ngekutentakalela beyiba ngulehlanganisa imphahla ngaphandle uma bekungenwe esivumelwaneni lesendvulela umshado futsi sabhaliswa kungakapheli tinyanga letintsatfu ehhovisi lekubhalisa ematayitela.
Kuvinjelwa kwemshado
Ngelishwa akukho kujeziswa lobekubekiwe uma kwenteka indvodza ingene kulowo mshado wesilungu ngemuva kwemshado wendzabuko. Nanobe kunjalo, kungumbono losembili kutsi lowo mshado wesilungu bewunekucitfwa.
Sigaba 3 seMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko Nombolo 120 wanga-1998 sencabela umlingani wasemshadweni wendzabuko kutsi angene emshadweni wesilungu ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wemShado Nombolo 21 wanga-1961. Simiso lesifana naleso lesiphawulwe endzimeni 2.3.2 ngenhla, kepha nalapho akukho kujeziswa lokubekiwe uma letimiso taloMtsetfo tingalandzelwa.
UMtsetfo wemiShado yaseTranskei, Nombolo 21 wanga-1978, bewuvumela indvodza yemshado lokhona wesilungu kutsi ingene emishadweni leyengetiwe yendzabuko, ngaphasi kwembandzela kwekutsi lowo mshado wesilungu bewehlukanisa imphahla. Ngalokufanako, indvodza yemshado wendzabuko, nayo ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado wendzabuko beyingangena emshadweni wesilungu losemtsetfweni nalomunye umfati wesibili, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi lowo mshado wesilungu bewehlukanisa imphahla.
UMTSETFO WEKWEMUKELWA KWEMISHADO YENDZABUKO NOMBOLO 120 WANGA-1998
LoMtsetfo ucale kusebenta ngamhlaka 15 Novemba futsi waba sinyatselo lesisembili sekwemukelwa kwayo yonkhe imishado lesemtsetfweni yendzabuko. LoMtsetfo usebenta kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile kantsi kungunyalo utawucutjungulwa sigaba ngesigaba.
Kusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
LoMtsetfo usebenta kuyo yonkhe imishado yendzabuko lokungenwe kuyo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko, lokusho emasiko nemihambo lokulandzelwa bantfu bendzabuko yase-Afrika eNingizimu Afrika futsi lokuyincenye yemasiko alabo bantfu.
Ngaloko-ke kucacile kutsi loMtsetfo awubuki umbala wemuntfu, usebenta kuphela ebantfwini bendzabuko baseNingizimu Afrika, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi lowo mshado wagidvwa ngekulandzela emasiko nemihambo yebantfu bendzabuko yase-Afrika.
Kwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko
Sigaba 2 saloMtsetfo sehlukanisa emkhatsini kwetinhlobo letimbili temishado lesemtsetfweni yendzabuko, lokungunayi:
ImiShado yeMlingani munye neyesiTsembu lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000 yemukelwa kuphela uma isemtsetfweni ngekwemtsetfo wendzabuko futsi lokungumshado lovele ukhona ngesikhatsi sekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo. Letimfuno lokumele lemishado ihlangabetane nato nguleto letimiswe ngumtsetfo wendzabuko longakabhalwa phasi losebenta ngephandle kwaKaZulu-Natali kanye nemtsetfo wendzabuko lobhalwe phasi losebenta ngekhatsi kwaKaZulu-Natali.
ImiShado yeMlingani munye neyesiTsembu lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000 kumele ihambisane netimfuneko taloMtsetfo. Letimfuneko letendlalwe kuloMtsetfo tiyaphocelelwa kantsi-ke kwehluleka kuhambisana naletimfuneko kutawuholela emshadweni longakemukeleki ngalokuphelele.
Timfuneko temShado losemtsetfweni lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Sigaba 3 saloMtsetfo siniketela ngaletimfuneko letilandzelako lokumele tilandzelwe mayelana nemishado yendzabuko yemlingani munye:
Bobabili labo labahlose kushada kumele babe ngetulu kweminyaka lengu-18 nobe batsatfwe njengebantfu lasebabadzala.
Bobabili labo labahlose kushada kumele bavume kuhlanganiswa emshadweni ngekwemtsetfo wendzabuko.
Akukho kubo bobabili labo labahlose kushada lokumele abe ngumlingani kulomunye umshado wendzabuko.
Lomshado kumele ube wendvulelwe kukhulumisana futsi wagidvwa ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko.
Kuze kutsi umshado wendzabuko wesitsembu ube semtsetfweni, ngetulu kwaletimfuneko letiphawulwe ngenhla, kumele kwentiwe sivumelwano njengobe kuniketelwe esigabeni 7 (mayelana nemininingwane leyengetiwe ngalencenye buka indzima 5.2.2).
Kubhaliswa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko
Sigaba 4 saloMtsetfo sibeka umtfwalo kubalingani kutsi babhalise lomshado wabo, kepha kwehluleka kuwubhalisa lowo mshado akukutsintsi kuba kwalowo mshado emtsetfweni.
Kubhaliswa kwentiwa ngumbhalisi (weLitiko leTasekhaya), ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi lemininingwane ledzingekile lemisiwe iyaniketwa futsi nalemali lemisiwe iyakhokhwa. Nanobe ngubani, lokungadzingeki kutsi kungaba ngulabalingani, angafaka sicelo sekubhaliswa kwalomshado, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi utawubonisa inshisekelo lanayo kuloludzaba.
Letimfuneko tekubhaliswa kwalomshado kanye nalemiculu lokumele igcwaliswe kanye nebufakazi lokumele buletfwe kumbhalisi kucuketfwe kutimisomgomo taloMtsetfo futsi angeke tichazwe kabanti kulomculu.
Kufaka sicelo eNkantolo
Sigaba 4 saloMtsetfo siniketela ngekutsi umuntfu angafaka sicelo enkantolo ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi kubhaliswe umshado wendzabuko. Lesigatjana singasetjentiswa kuphela uma kunekungcubutana mayelana nekuba semtsetfweni kwemshado kepha hhayi uma umbhalisi angenasiciniseko mayelana nemasiko nobe imihambo letsintsekako.
SIMO SEKULINGANA KANYE NEMAGUNYA EBALINGANI
Ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, umfati wasemshadweni wendzabuko bekatsatfwa njengemuntfu losesimeni sebuntfwana kudzimate kube phakadze kantsi indvodza beyitsatfwa njengemengameli wemphahla.
Sigaba 6 nyalo sesiniketele ngekutsi bobabili balingani banemandla lafanako, ngaphasi kwembandzela weluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolulawula lowo mshado.
IMIPHUMELA NGEKWEMPHAHLA KUMISHADO YENDZABUKO
ImiShado yeNdzabuko lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Imiphumela ngekwemphahla yemshado waloluhlobo kumele ilawulwe ngumtsetfo wendzabuko, ngaphasi kwembandzela wetimiso tesigaba 6, lesiphawulwe lapha ngenhla. Leyo miphumela ngalokwetayelekile itsatfwa njengaleyo yekwehlukanisa imphahla ngaphandle kwekuba khona kwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado.
Sigaba 7 saloMtsetfo, nanobe kunjalo, siniketela ngekutsi balingani bakulomshado lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, bangafaka sicelo enkantolo ngekuhlanganyela kutsi bagucule luhlobo lwemshado wabo ngekwemphahla, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi kumele kube netizatfu letivakalako taloko kugculwa, kuphindze kuniketwe satiso lesenele kulabo labakweledwako, futsi akukho longencatjelwa kutsi ente leyo ngucuko. Inkantolo itawugunyata labalingani kutsi bente sivumelwano bese emva kwaloko lowo mshado ulawulwa nguleso sivumelwano.
ImiShado yeNdzabuko lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwamhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
ImiShado yeMlingani munye
Uma kungekho kulabalingani loyincenye emshadweni lovele ukhona wendzabuko, lomshado uba ngewekuhlanganisa imphahla, ngaphandle uma labalingani benta siVumelwano leSendvulela umShado futsi babhalise leso sivumelwano nembhalisi wematayitela. Uma kwenteke ngalendlela lephawulwe kamuva, imiphumela ngekwemphahla yalowo mshado itawulawulwa ngulesivumelwano.
ImiShado yesiTsembu
Indvodza lefisa kungena kulomunye umshado lowengetiwe wendzabuko kulindzeleke kutsi ifake sicelo sekutfola sincumo senkantolo: -
kutsi kulawulwe imiphumela yasesikhatsini lesitako ngekwemphahla kulomshado nalomfati wesikhatsi lesitako;
kucedza luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla kulomshado lovele ukhona; kanye nekwehlukanisa imphahla kuze kutawucinisekiswa kutsi kunekwabiwa kwalemphahla lokunebulungiswa.
Inkantolo itawencaba kwemukela leso sicelo uma ibona kutsi lomunye walabalingani labatsintsekako akakavikeleki kahle ngekulandzela timiso talesivumelwano.
Ngekulandzela umbono walesikhashana lesengcile lovela kubeLuleki beTemtsetfo lowatfolwa Litiko leTasekhaya, kungena kulesivumelwano kuphocelelwe kantsi kungangeni kuso kunemphumela wekutsi lowo mshado ungemukeleki ngalokuphelele.
KUCITFWA KWEMISHADO YENDZABUKO
Sigaba 8 naso siletse ingucuko kulesimo besikhona ngaphambilini, lapho umshado wendzabuko bewuvele ucitfwe ngaphandle kwesincumo senkantolo.
Yonkhe imishado yendzabuko lesemtsetfweni, kungakhatsalekile kutsi ngabe ibhalisiwe nobe ayikabhaliswa kumele icitfwe yinkantolo, (iNkantolo lePhakeme, iNkantolo yeTemndeni nobe iNkantolo yeDivosi ngekulandzela uMtsetfo Nombolo 9 wanga-1929). Timiso teMtsetfo weDivosi Nombolo 24 wanga-1987 tiyasebenta emshadweni wendzabuko futsi lowo mshado ungacitfwa kuphela ngesizatfu sekwephuka kwetisekelo letingenakubuyiselwa talowo mshado.
Kubuyiselwa emuva kwenkokhelo yemalobolo kuliphuzu lokusamele licutjungulwe kulesikhatsi kantsi lowo loneshisekelo kumele abe ngulomunye wetimbangi enkantolo, uma ngabe emalobolo kumele abuyiselwe emuva.
KUGUCULWA KWELUHLOBO LWEMSHADO
Sigaba 10 sivumela balingani labangene emshadweni wendzabuko wemlingani munye kutsi bangene emshadweni lomunye nalomunye ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wemShado Nombolo 25 wanga-1961.
Nanobe kunjalo, loMtsetfo awuvumeli lomunye webalingani losemshadweni wesilungu kutsi angene emshadweni wendzabuko nalowo mlingani buka sigaba 104.
LoMtsetfo uyacashunwa kantsi ufundzeka ngalendlela lelandzelako:
UMTSETFO WEKWEMUKELWA KWEMISHADO YENDZABUKO NO. 120 wanga-1998
INHLOSO
Kuniketela ngetimiso tekwemukelwa kwemishado yendzabuko; kwendlala timfuneko temshado wendzabuko losemtsetfweni; kulawula kubhaliswa kwemishado yendzabuko; kuniketela ngesimo sekulingana nemagunya ebalingani emishadweni yendzabuko; kulawula imiphumela yetemphahla kumishado yendzabuko kanye nemagunya ebalingani bakuleyo mishado; kulawula kucitfwa kwemishado yendzabuko; kuniketela ngekwakhiwa kwetimisomgomo; kucitsa timiso letitsite temitsetfo letsite; kanye nekuniketela ngetimiso tekulawula tindzaba leteyamene naloko.
TiNchazelo
KuloMtsetfo, ngaphandle uma ingcikitsi ikhomba ngalokunye ?
inkantolo? kusho iNkantolo lePhakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika, iNkantolo yeTemndeni lesungulwe ngekulandzela nobe ngumuphi umtsetfo nobe iNkantolo yeDivosi lesungulwe ngekulandzela sigaba 10 seMtsetfo wekuChibiyela Tekulawula, 1929?(uMtsetfo Nombolo 9 wanga-1929);
umtsetfo wendzabuko? kusho emasiko nemihambo lokulandzelwa bantfu bendzabuko yase-Afrika eNingizimu Afrika futsi lokuyincenye yemasiko alabo bantfu;
umshado wendzabuko? kusho umshado lokungenwe kuwo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko;
emalobolo? kusho imphahla lengukheshe nobe ngalolunye luhlobo, kungakhatsalekile kutsi kwatiwa njengemalobolo, bogadi, bohali, xuma, lumalo, thaka, ikhazi, magadi, emabheka nobe ngalelinye ligama, lekhishwa ngulowo lohlose kuba yindvodza nobe lekhokhwa yinhloko yelusendvo lwakhe egameni lakhe iyiswe kunhloko yelusendvo lwalowo lohlose kuba ngumfati ngekuphokophelela umshado wendzabuko;
INdvuna? kusho iNdvuna yeTasekhaya;
misiwe? kusho misiwe ngekwesimisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 11;
umbhalisi wemishado? kusho nobe ngubani lokhetfwe yiNdvuna nobe siphatsimandla lesisebenta ngekwemagunya lesiwaniketwe yiNdvuna ngalokubhaliwe njengembhalisi wemishado ngekwenhloso yaloMtsetfo;
loMtsetfo? ufaka ekhatsi netimisomgomo;
umholi wendzabuko? kusho nobe ngubani lophetse sikhundla ngaphasi kweluhlaka lwesakhiwo sekulawula sendzabuko ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko nobe lomunye umtsetfo.
Kwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko
Umshado longumshado losemtsetfweni ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wendzabuko futsi lochubekako ekucaleni kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ngekulandzela tonkhe tinhloso wemukelwe njengemshado.
Umshado wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, futsi lohambisana netimfuneko taloMtsetfo, ngekulandzela tonkhe tinhloso wemukelwe njengemshado.
Uma umuntfu angumlingani emishadweni lengetulu kwamunye umshado wendzabuko, yonkhe imishado yendzabuko lesemtsetfweni lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ngekulandzela tonkhe tinhloso yemukelwe njengemishado.
Uma umuntfu angumlingani emishadweni lengetulu kwamunye umshado wendzabuko, yonkhe leyo mishado lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, futsi lehambisana netimiso taloMtsetfo, ngekulandzela tonkhe tinhloso yemukelwe njengemishado.
Timfuneko tekuba semtsetfweni kwemishado yendzabuko
Kuze umshado wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ube semtsetfweni ?
a labo labahlose kushada ?
i kumele bobabili babe ngetulu kweminyaka lengu-18; futsi ii kumele bobabili bavume kushadiswa lomunye kulomunye ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wendzabuko; futsi b lomshado kumele ube wendvulelwe kukhulumisana futsi wagidvwa ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko.
Ngaphandle kwanjengobe kwendlalwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 101, akukho mlingani wemshado wendzabuko lotawuba nemandla ekungena emshadweni ngaphasi kweMtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961, ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado wendzabuko.
a Uma lomunye walabo labahlose kushada asesigabeni sebuntfwana, bobabili batali bakhe, nobe uma angenabo batali, umnakekeli wakhe losemtsetfweni, kumele anikete imvume kulomshado.
b Uma imvume yemtali nobe umnakekeli losemtsetfweni ingakwati kutfolakala, sigaba 25 seMtsetfo wemShado, 1961, siyasebenta.
a Nanobe kunaloko lokushiwo sigatjana 1ai, iNdvuna nobe lesinye siphatsimandla ngaphasi kweluphiko lwembuso lesigunyatwe yiNdvuna, banganiketa imvume lebhaliwe emuntfwini longephasi kweminyaka lengu-18 kutsi angene emshadweni wendzabuko uma iNdvuna nobe leso siphatsimandla lesiphawuliwe babona lowo mshado udzingekile futsi uhambisana netimfuno letinhle tebalingani labatsintsekako.
b Leyo mvume angeke isuse umtfwalo emahlombe alabo labahlose kungena kulomshado lohlongotwako kutsi bahlangabetane nato tonkhe letinye timfuneko letimiswe ngumtsetfo.
c Uma umuntfu longephasi kweminyaka lengu-18 angene emshadweni wendzabuko ngaphandle kwemvume lebhaliwe yeNdvuna nobe siphatsimandla lesifanelekile, uma iNdvuna nobe leso siphatsimandla, ibona lowo mshado udzingekile futsi uhambisana netimfuno letinhle tebalingani labatsintsekako, futsi uma lowo mshado ngayo yonkhe indlela bewuhambisana naloMtsetfo, angamemetela ngalokubhaliwe kutsi lomshado ngumshado wendzabuko lowemukelekile.
Ngaphasi kwembandzela wesigatjana 4, sigaba 24A seMtsetfo wemShado, 1961, siyasebenta emshadweni wendzabuko wemntfwana losemncane longene kuwo ngaphandle kwemvume yemtali, umnakekeli, khomishani wenhlakakahle yebantfwana nobe lijaji, kuye ngekutsi simo sitsini.
Kwencatjelwa kwemshado wendzabuko emkhatsini kwebantfu ngenca yekuhlobana kwabo ngengati nobe ngekutalana kutawucutjungulwa ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko.
Kubhaliswa kwemishado yendzabuko
Balingani bemshado wendzabuko banemtfwalo wekucinisekisa kutsi umshado wabo uyabhaliswa.
Nobe ngumuphi webalingani angafaka sicelo kumbhalisi wemishado efomini lelimiselwe kubhaliswa kwemshado wakhe wendzabuko futsi kumele anikete umbhalisi wemishado ngemininingwane lemisiwe kanye nanobe nguyiphi leminye imininingwane umbhalisi wemishado langayidzinga kuze atawutenetisa mayelana nekuba khona kwalomshado.
Umshado wendzabuko?
a lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, futsi longakabhaliswa ngekulandzela nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo, kumele ubhaliswe kungakapheli sikhatsi lesitinyanga letingu-12 ngemuva kwaloko kucala kwekusebenta nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe iNdvuna ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ingamisa ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende; nobe b lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, kumele ubhaliswe kungakapheli sikhatsi lesitinyanga letintsatfu ngemuva kwekungena kulowo mshado nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe iNdvuna ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ingamisa ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende.
a Umbhalisi wemishado kumele, uma enetisekile kutsi labalingani bangene emshadweni wendzabuko losemtsetfweni, abhalise lomshado ngekubhalisa bunini balabalingani, lusuku lwemshado, nanobe nguwaphi emalobolo lokuvunyelenwe ngawo kanye nanobe nguyiphi leminye imininingwane lemisiwe.
b Umbhalisi wemishado kumele anikete labalingani ngesitifiketi sekubhaliswa, lesicuketse imininingwane lemisiwe.
a Uma nganobe ngusiphi sizatfu umshado wendzabuko awubhaliswa, nobe ngubani lowenetisa umbhalisi wemishado ngekutsi unenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba angafaka sicelo lesicondze kumbhalisi wemishado ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi atfole kabanti ngekuba khona kwalowo mshado.
b Uma umbhalisi wemishado enetisekile kutsi umshado wendzabuko losemtsetfweni ukhona nobe wake waba khona emkhatsini kwalabalingani, kumele abhalise lowo mshado abanikete sitifiketi sekubhaliswa njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigatjana 4.
Uma umbhalisi wemishado angenetiswa kutsi labalingani bangena emshadweni wendzabuko losemtsetfweni, kumele encabe kuwubhalisa lowo lomshado.
Inkantolo, ngekulandzela sicelo lesentiwe kuleyo nkantolo kanye nangeluphenyo lolusukunyiswe nguleyo nkantolo, ingayalela?
a kubhaliswa kwanobe ngumuphi umshado wendzabuko; nobe b kucitfwa nobe kuguculwa kwanobe ngukuphi kubhaliswa kwemshado wendzabuko lokwentiwe ngumbhalisi wemishado.
Sitifiketi sekubhaliswa kwemshado wendzabuko lesiniketwe ngaphasi kwalesigaba nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo loniketela ngekubhaliswa kwemishado yendzabuko singubufakazi lobungenakuphikiswa mayelana nekuba khona kwalowo mshado wendzabuko kanye nalemininingwane lecuketfwe kulesitifiketi.
Kwehluleka kwekubhaliswa kwemshado wendzabuko akukutsintsi kuba semtsetfweni kwalowo mshado.
Kucutjungulwa kweminyaka yemntfwana losemncane
Umbhalisi wemishado, mayelana nemuntfu lokucatjangelwa kutsi usesengumntfwana lomncane, angemukela sitifiketi sekutalwa, incwadzi yamatisi, sitatimende semtali nobe sesihlobo salowo mntfwana lesifungelwe nobe lobunye bufakazi njengobe umbhalisi wemishado angabona bufanelekile njengebufakazi beminyaka yalowo muntfu.
Uma iminyaka yemuntfu lokucatjangelwa kutsi usesengumntfwana losemncane ingenakucinisekiswa nobe iphikiswa, kantsi leminyaka yalowo muntfu ibalulekile macondzana netinhloso taloMtsetfo, umbhalisi wemishado angengcisela lolo ludzaba enkantolo yamantji lesungulwe ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wetiNkantolo taboMantji, 1944 uMtsetfo Nombolo 32 wanga-1944 ngendlela lemisiwe, lokuyinkantolo lokumele icubungule iminyaka yalowo muntfu bese iniketa ngesitifiketi lemisiwe mayelana naloko, lokutawuba ngubufakazi beminyaka yalowo muntfu.
Simo sekulingana nemagunya ebalingani
Umfati wemshado wendzabuko, ngekwesizatfu sekulingana nendvodza yakhe kanye nangaphasi kwembandzela weluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolwengamele lowo mshado, unesimo nemagunya laphelele, lokufaka ekhatsi ligunya lekutsenga kanye nekutsengisa imphahla, kungena esivumelwaneni nekufaka nekuvikela timangalo enkantolo, kwengeta ngetulu kwemalungelo nemagunya langaba nawo ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wendzabuko.
Imiphumela yetemphahla kumishado yendzabuko nemagunya ebalingani ekwenta tivumelwano
Imiphumela yetemphahla yemshado wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo itawuchubeka ilawulwe ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko.
Umshado wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo lapho umlingani angesiyo incenye kunobe ngumuphi lomunye umshado wendzabuko lokhona, ungumshado wekuhlanganisa imphahla kanye nenzuzo nekulahlekelwa emkhatsini kwalabalingani, ngaphandle uma leyo miphumela ikhishwe ngalokucacile ngulabalingani esivumelwaneni lesendvulela umshado lesengamelo loluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla yemshado wabo.
Sehluko III netigaba 18, 19, 20 na-24 teSehluko IV semtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984, tiyasebenta macondzana nanobe ngumuphi umshado wendzabuko lokungumshado lohlanganise imphahla njengobe kulindzeleke ngaphasi kwesigatjana 2.
a Balingani emshadweni wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ngekuhlanganyela bangafaka sicelo enkantolo sekugucula luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolusebenta emshadweni nobe emishadweni yabo kantsi inkantolo, uma yenetiseka kutsi?
i kunetizatfu letivakalako macondzana nalengucuko lehlongotwako;
ii kunesatiso sesikhatsi lesenele mayelana nalengucuko lehlongotwako lesiniketwe bonkhe labakweledwa ngulabalingani macondzana netimali letengca ku-R500 nobe lelo nani lelingamiswa yiNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende; kanye nekutsi iii akukho lomunye umuntfu lotawucekeleka phasi ngenca yalengucuko lehlongotwako, ingayalela kutsi luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolusebenta kulowo mshado nobe kuleyo mishado angeke lusasebenta iphindze igunyate balingani baleyo mishado kutsi bente sivumelwano lesibhaliwe lesitawusebenta ngekhatsi kweluhlobo lwemshado nobe tinhlobo temshado tesikhatsi lesitako ngaphasi kwemibandzela letawumiswa yinkantolo.
b Macondzana nendvodza lengumlingani ngaphasi kwemshado longetulu kwamunye wendzabuko, bonkhe bantfu labanenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba, ikakhulukati umlingani nobe balingani balendvodza labavele bakhona, kumele bahlanganiswe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo.
Sigaba 21 seMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984 siyasebenta macondzana nemshado wendzabuko lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo uma indvodza ingenabo balingani labangetulu kwamunye.
Indvodza yasemshadweni wendzabuko lefisa kungena kulomunye umshado wendzabuko lowengetiwe nalomunye umfati ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo kumele ifake sicelo lesicondziswe enkantolo kutsi yemukele sivumelwano lesibhaliwe lesitawulawula luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lwesikhatsi lesitako macondzana nemishado yayo.
Uma icubungula lesicelo lesifakwe ngekulandzela sigatjana 6?
a inkantolo kumele?
i macondzana nemshado lovele ukhona lokungumshado wekuhlanganisa imphahla nobe longaphasi lweluhlelo lwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado?
aa icitse loluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolusebentako kulowo mshado; bese bb iyalela kwehlukaniswa kwemphahla yalomshado;
ii icinisekise kwabiwa kwalemphahla ngalokunebulungiswa; iphindze iii inakisise tonkhe timo letifanelekile temacembu elusendvo latawutsintseka uma lesicelo lesifakiwe sivunywa;
b inkantolo?
i ingahle ivumele kuchitjiyelwa lokwengetiwe kumathemu nemibandzela yalesivumelwano;
ii ingahle ivume lesicelo ngaphasi kwanobe ngumuphi umbandzela lengawubona unebulungiswa; nobe iii ingencaba kuvuma lesicelo uma ngekwembono wayo timfuno tanobe ngumuphi kulawa lamanye emacembu latsintsekako tingeke tivikeleke ngalokwenetisako ngekulandzela lesivumelwano lesihlongotwako.
Bonkhe bantfu labanenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba, ikakhulukati umlingani nobe balingani balendvodza labavele bakhona nalowo lohlose kuba ngumlingani, kumele bahlanganiswe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo lesifakwa ngekulandzela sigatjana 6.
Uma inkantolo ivuma sicelo lesilindzelekile ngekulandzela sigatjana 4 nobe 6, umbhalisi nobe mabhalane wenkantolo, kuye ngekutsi ngusiphi simo, kumele anikete lowo nalowo mlingani ngecincumo senkantolo lokufaka ekhatsi ikhophi lecinisekisiwe yaleso sivumelwano futsi kumele atfumele leso sincumo nekhophi lecinisekisiwe yaleso sivumelwano kulowo nalowo mbhalisi wematayitela wakulendzawo lapho lenkantolo itinte khona.
Kucitfwa kwemishado yendzabuko
Umshado wendzabuko ungacitfwa yinkantolo kuphela ngencwadzi yesehlukaniso ngesizatfu sekwephuka kwetisekelo letingenakubuyiselwa talowo mshado.
Inkantolo inganiketa incwadzi yesehlukaniso ngesizatfu sekwephuka kwetisekelo letingenakubuyiselwa talowo mshado uma yenetiseka kutsi budlelwano balowo mshado losemkhatsini kwalabalingani sebufike ezingeni lekuchekeka kangangekutsi awasekho ematsemba nalamancane ekutsi lomshado ungaphindze ubuyele esimeni lesifanelekile emkhatsini kwabo.
UMtsetfo wekuLamula etiNdzabeni letiTsite teDivosi, 1987 uMtsetfo Nombolo 24 wanga-1987 kanye nesigaba 6 seMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979 UMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979, tiyasebenta ekucitfweni kwemshado wendzabuko.
Inkantolo leniketa incwadzi yesehlukaniso sekucitfwa kwemshado wendzabuko?
a inemagunya lahlongotwe esigabeni 7, 8, 9 na-10 teMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979, kanye nasesigabeni 24?1 seMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984;
b kumele, macondzana nendvodza lengumlingani ngaphasi kwemshado longetulu kwamunye wendzabuko, icubungule tonkhe timo letifanelekile lokufaka ekhatsi nobe ngusiphi sivumelwano nobe sincumo lesentiwe ngekulandzela sigaba 7?4, 5, 6 nobe 7 futsi kumele inikete nobe ngusiphi sincumo lesibona sinebulungiswa;
c ingayalela kutsi nobe ngubani ngekwembono wenkantolo lonenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba kutsi afakwe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo;
d ingakhipha sincumo macondzana nekugcinwa nobe kwenganyelwa kwanobe ngumuphi umntfwana losemncane lovele kulomshado; futsi e ingahle, uma ikhipha sincumo sekukhokhelwa kwesondlo, icubungule nobe ngusiphi simiso nobe kuhlelembisa lokwentiwe ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko.
Akukho lutfo kulesigaba lokumele kuhunyushwe njengalokunciphisa indzima, leyemukelwe ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wendzabuko, yanobe ngubani, lokufaka ekhatsi nobe ngumuphi umholi wendzabuko, ekulamuleni, ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko, kunobe ngukuphi kungcubutana nobe ludzaba lolusukela esikhatsini lesingembi kwekucitfwa kwemshado wendzabuko yinkantolo.
Umnyaka webudzala
Nanobe kunemitsetfomgomo mayelana nemtsetfo wendzabuko, umnyaka webudzala bemuntfu utawucutjungulwa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weMnyaka weBudzala, 1972 (uMtsetfo Nombolo 57 wanga-1972).
Kuguculwa kweluhlobo lwemshado
Indvodza nemfati labashade ngemshado wendzabuko banemagunya ekungena emshadweni lomunye kulomunye ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961, uma kungekho kubo longumlingani emshadweni lochubekako wendzabuko nanobe ngubani lomunye umuntfu.
Uma kungenwa emshadweni njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 lomshado weluhlobo lwekuhlanganisa imphahla kanye nenzuzo nekulahlekelwa ngaphandle uma leyo miphumela ikhishwe ngalokucacile esivumelwaneni lesendvulela umshado lesengamele loluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla yemshado wabo.
Sehluko III netigaba 18, 19, 20 na-24 teSehluko IV semtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984, tiyasebenta macondzana nanobe ngumuphi umshado weluhlobo lwekuhlanganisa imphahla njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigatjana 2.
Nanobe kunaloko lokushiwo ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1, akukho mlingani wemshado lokungenwe kuwo ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wemShado, 1961, ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado, lonemagunya ekungena kunobe ngumuphi lomunye umshado.
Timisomgomo
INdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo, ngekubonisana neNdvuna, ingenta timisomgomo?
a letimayelana ?
i netimfuneko lokumele kuhlangatjetanwe nato kanye nemininingwane lokumele iniketwe kumbhalisi wemishado mayelana nekubhaliswa kwemshado wendzabuko;
ii nendlela lokumele umbhalisi wemishado atenetise ngayo mayelana nekuba khona nobe kuba semtsetfweni kwemshado wendzabuko;
iii nendlela lokumele nobe ngubani, lokufaka ekhatsi nobe ngumuphi umholi wendzabuko, angafaka ngayo ligalelo ekuletseni bufakazi mayelana nekuba khona nobe ekubhalisweni kwanobe ngumuphi umshado wendzabuko;
iv neluhlobo nalokucuketfwe etitifiketini, etatisweni, etitatimendeni letifungelwe kanye nasetimemetelweni letidzingekile ngekwetinhloso taloMtsetfo;
v nekugcinwa, kucinisekiswa, kusetjentiswa, kulungiswa, kugaywa kanye nekulahlwa kwanobe nguyiphi imiculu lemayelana nekubhaliswa kwemishado yendzabuko nobe kwanobe ngumuphi lomunye umculu lomisiwe ngekulandzela timisomgomo;
vi nanobe nguluphi lolunye ludzaba lokudzingeke nobe loluvunyelwe kutsi lumiswe ngekulandzela loMtsetfo; kanye vii nanobe nguluphi lolunye ludzaba loludzingekile nobe lolusemcoka kutsi kuniketelwe ngekubhaliswa lokufanelekile kwemishado yendzabuko nobe kuphatfwa ngalokunemphumelelo kwaloMtsetfo; kanye b nekumiswa kwetimali letikhokhwako mayelana nekubhaliswa kwemshado wendzabuko kanye nekuniketwa kwanobe ngusiphi sitifiketi lesihambelana naloko.
Nanobe ngusiphi simisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 kumele, ngembi kwekushicilelwa kwaso kuMculu waHulumende, setfulwe embi kwePhalamende.
Nanobe ngusiphi simisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 lesingaholela encitfweni yetetimali kumBuso nobe timisomgomo letentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1?b kumele tentiwe ngekubonisana neNdvuna yeTetimali.
Nanobe ngusiphi simisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 singaniketela ngekutsi nobe ngubani lowephula simiso saso nobe lowehluleka kuhambisana naso utawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma angalahlwa licala kutawumele ahlawuliswe nobe aye ejele sikhatsi lesingengci umnyaka munye.
Kuchitjiyelwa kwemitsetfo
Sigaba 17 seMtsetfo wekuBhaliswa kwemaTayiteli, 1937 uMtsetfo Nombolo?47 wanga-1937, ngaloku siyachitjiyelwa ngekufakwa esikhundleni sendzima b yesigatjana 2 kwalendzima lelandzelako:
b uma lomshado lotsintsekako wenganyelwe ngumtsetfo losebentako eRiphabhuliki nobe kulenye incenye yayo, kumele kushiwo kutsi ngabe lowo mshado kwangenwa kuwo ngaphasi kweluhlobo lwekwehlukanisa imphahla nobe kutsi ngabe loluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lwenganyelwe ngumtsetfo wendzabuko ngekulandzela umtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, 1998;?.
Sigaba 45bis seMtsetfo wekuBhaliswa kwemaTayiteli, 1937, ngaloku siyachitjiyelwa?
a ngekufakwa esikhundleni sendzima b yesigatjana 1 kwalendzima lelandzelako:
b yincenye yemphahla nobe beyiyincenye yemphahla ngaphasi kwemphahla yelifa lehlanganisele, futsi inkantolo ibe ikhiphe sincumo, nobe yakhipha sincumo yaphindze yaniketa ligunya, ngaphasi kwesigaba 20 nobe 21?1 seMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984, nobe ngaphasi kwesigaba?7 seMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, 1998, kuye ngekutsi simo sitsini, lokumele kulandzelwe uma lemphahla, kucasha nobe ibhondi kutawuniketwa kumunye walabalingani,?; kanye b nangekufakwa esikhundleni sendzima b yesigatjana 1A kwalendzima lelandzelako:
b yincenye yemphahla nobe beyiyincenye yemphahla ngaphasi kwemphahla yelifa lelihlanganisele, futsi inkantolo ibe ikhiphe sincumo, nobe yakhipha sincumo yaphindze yaniketa ligunya, ngaphasi kwesigaba 20 nobe 211 seMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984, nobe ngaphasi kwesigaba?7 seMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, 1998, kuye ngekutsi simo sitsini, lokumele kulandzelwe uma lemphahla, kucasha nobe ibhondi kutawuniketwa kulabalingani bobabili ngetabelo letingakehlukaniswa,?.
Kucitfwa kwemitsetfo
Lemitsetfo lephawulwe kuleShejuli iyacitfwa kufinyelela ezingeni lelendlalwe kuloluhlu lwesitsatfu kuleShejuli.
Sihloko lesifisha nekucala kusebenta
LoMtsetfo ubitwa ngekutsi nguMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, 1998, futsi ucala kusebenta ngelusuku lolumiswe nguMengameli ngesimemetelo kuMculu waHulumende, lokusho 15 Novemba 2000.
IShejuli
KUCITFWA KWEMITSETFO
Sigaba 12
Inombolo nemnyaka weMtsetfo
Sihloko lesifisha
Lizinga lekucitfwa
UMtsetfo Nombolo 38 wanga-1927
UMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, 1927
UMtsetfo Nombolo 21 wanga-1978
UMtsetfo Nombolo 16 wanga-1985
uMtsetfo waKaZulu ngeluCwebu lweMtsetfo wesiZulu, 1985
SiMemetelo Nombolo R151 sanga-1987
LuCwebu lwaseNatali lweMtsetfo wesiZulu, 1987
Sigaba 27 
B. KWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA LIFA EBANTFWINI LABAMNYAMA
SINGENISO
Esikhatsini lesengcile iNingizimu Afrika beyemukela lokungenani tinhlobo letimbili letehlukene tekwabiwa kwelifa: indlela yemtsetfo wemvelo (ngekuhlanganyela nemitsetfo lebeyiwuchibiyela) kanye nemitsetfo yendzabuko. Imitsetfomgomo leminyenti yendzabuko lebeyisetjentiswa ngaphambilini beyingangcubutani kuphela nemgomo wekuphatfwa ngekulingana, kepha beyingahambisani nemtsetfosisekelo.
Inkhulumo-mphikiswano mayelana nekungcubutana emkhatsini kwemasiko nekulingana (buka tigaba 9 na-30 teMtsetfosisekelo) beyiloku ishubile, ikakhulukati kuleminyaka lembalwa leyengcile.
Sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama Nombolo 38 wanga-1927 besiniketela ngekutsi uma umuntfu lomnyama ashone ashiya incwadzi yekwaba lifa, leyo mphahla yelifa bekumele yenganyelwe ngumBhalisi weTemafa sigaba 239.
Nanobe kunjalo, uma kwenteka umuntfu lomnyama ashone, angashiyi incwadzi yekwaba lifa leyemukelekile, leyo mphahla yelifa lemuntfu loshone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa bekumele yenganyelwe yiMantji yalapho lowo muntfu lomnyama bekahlala khona sigaba 237. Simisomgomo R200 samhlaka 6 Febhuwari 1987, lesaphasiswa ngaphasi kwesigaba 2310 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, besisetjentiswa kutsi sisite ekwenganyelweni kwemphahla yelifa lemuntfu lomnyama loshone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa.
Umphumela wesincumo saka-Moseneke kube ngukutsi imphahla yelifa lemuntfu loshone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa ingabikwa kumBhalisi weTemafa kutsi yenganyelwe ngekulandzela umtsetfo wemvelo nobe eHhovisi yeMantji kutsi yenganyelwe yimantji ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko. Loku kwaletsa kutikhetsela emuntfwini lobika ngalemphahla yelifa. Uma ngabe lemphahla yelifa yenganyelwa yimantji, lenchubo lengakacini kangako emtsetfweni yesiMisomgomo R200 sanga-1987 njengobe siphawulwe ngenhla beyilandzelwa. Uma ngabe lemphahla yelifa ibikwa kumBhalisi weTemafa, bekusetjentiswa umtsetfo wemvelo ekwengameleni leyo mphahla yelifa.
Lendlela lengenhla beyivunyelwe kuphela ngesikhatsi lesiminyaka lemibili kusukela kwetfulwa lesincumo kwekucala ecaleni laka-Moseneke. Litiko leTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo bekumele libhale umtsetfo lotawulawula kwenganyelwa kwato tonkhe timphahla temafa eRiphabhuliki yeNingizimu Afrika. Kepha ngelishwa lowo mtsetfo kudzimate kube ngunyalo awusengakaphasiswa. Kwavele kwachitjiyelwa lomtsetfo lobewuvele ukhona ?welubandlululo?.
Kwabiwa kwelifa ngekulandzela incwadzi yekwaba lifa
Njengobe kuphawuliwe ngekulandzela sincumo saka-Moseneke, timiso tesigaba 23 teMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, tavunyelwa kutsi tichubeke nekusebenta ngesikhatsi lesiminyaka lemibili. Lesikhatsi lesiminyaka lemibili siphele ngamhlaka 5 Disemba 2002. Kusukela kumhlala 6 Disemba 2002, umBhalisi weTemafa waniketwa ligunya lekuphatsa tonkhe timphahla temafa letenganyelwe ngumtsetfo wemvelo. Uma ngabe umuntfu ashonile kantsi linani lemphahla yelifa lakhe libe lingaphasi kwa-R125 000.00 leyo mphahla yelifa beyenganyelwa tiphatsimandla tasemaHhovisi etiMantji egameni nangaphasi kwekucondzisa nekuyalela kwemBhalisi weTemafa (letimphahla temafa atikancunyelwa kutsi tibe timphahla temafa ebantfu labamnyama kuphela).
Tonkhe timphahla temafa ebantfu labashone bashiya tincwadzi tekwaba lifa letengca linani lelingu-R125 000.00 bekuloku kumele tibikwe kumBhalisi weTemafa kutsi atengamele.
Kwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa
Umtfwalo wemBhalisi weTemafa
Kusukela ngamhlaka 6 Disemba 2002 kudzimate kube ngumhlaka 15 Okthoba 2004 umtfwalo wekucondzisa nekuyalela mayelana nekwenganyelwa kwaletimphahla temafa letilandzelako wasuswa kuMantji kantsi kungunyalo kumele tenganyelwe ngumBhalisi weTemafa ngekulandzela umtsetfo wemvelo, lokusho kutsi ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa Nombolo 66 wanga-1965, ngalendlela:
Imphahla yelifa lemuntfu lomnyama, lokwatsi ngesikhatsi sekuphila kwakhe, wafaka sicelo sekukhishelwa ngephandle kwekusebenta kweluCwebu lweMtsetfo wesiZulu.
Imphahla yemuntfu lomnyama longesiso sakhamuti saseNingizimu Afrika (sifika-namtfwalo).
Imphahla yemuntfu lomnyama, lokwatsi ngesikhatsi sekushona kwakhe bekangumlingani emshadweni wesilungu.
Umufi, lokwatsi ngesikhatsi sekushona kwakhe, bekangumfelokati, umfelwa nobe umuntfu lodivosile ngaphasi kwemshado wesilungu futsi abe angashiyi umlingani wemshado wendzabuko lokwangenwa kuwo ngemuva kwekucitfwa kwalomshado wesilungu.
Uma iNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo iyalela kutsi leyo mphahla yelifa kumele yenganyelwe ngekulandzela umtsetfo wemvelo.
Ngembi kwekutsi umBhalisi weTemafa angengamela imphahla yelifa njengobe kuphawulwe lapha ngenhla, bekumele kwetfulwe bufakazi lobubhaliwe bekutsi leyo mphahla yelifa ingulenye yaleti letiphawuliwe lapha ngenhla.
Umtfwalo weMantji
Uma umuntfu lomnyama ashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa iMantji yasendzaweni lapho lomufi wagcina ahlala khona beyiseloku ineligunya lekwengamela imphahla yelifa:
lanobe ngubani lobekangumlingani emshadweni wendzabuko;
lemuntfu lobekangakashadi.
Timphahla talamafa lalapha ngenhla betiloku tabiwa ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wendzabuko njengobe wendlalwe eMtsetfweni wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama kanye netimisomgomo letiphasiswe ngaphasi kwawo.
Lelo cala belisicelo sekucinisekiswa kwesincumo sekungahambisani nemtsetfosisekelo lebesifakwe yiNkantolo lePhakeme yaseKapa. LeNkantolo yatfola kutsi tigaba 23 (a), (c) na-(e) teMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama kanye nesimisomgomo 2(e) setiMiso tekweNganyelwa nekuPhatfwa wetiMphahla teMafa eBafi labaMnyama betingahambisani nemtsetfosisekelo futsi betingekho emtsetfweni. Sigaba 1 (b) seMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba naso satfolwa kutsi asihambisani nemtsetfosisekelo uma kumayelana nekubekelwa ngaphandle kwekusebenta kwesigaba 1 salowo Mtsetfo kunobe kuyiphi imphahla yelifa nobe incenye yayo uma kungukutsi sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama siyasebenta.
LiSekela laSomajaji Langa, lelabhala sincumo selinyenti lemaJaji eNkantolo, laphawula kutsi, uma sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama sihunyushwa ngaphasi kwekubukisiswa kwengcikitsi nemlandvo waso, siluhlobo lwemtsetfo lobewunyembenya futsi ucekela phasi umtsetfo ?lowemukelekile? wendzabuko futsi lobekukuhlukumeta emalungelo ebantfu labamnyama base-Afrika ngalokungenakulinganiswa. Lesigaba besisungula luhlelo lobelulumbana ngekuhambisana macondzana nekwabiwa kwemafa ebantfu labamnyama base-Afrika, ngaphandle kwekunaka luvo neluvelelo lwetifiso netimo tabo. Sigaba 23 netimisomgomo taso ngalokucacile tigcwele kubandlulula futsi tingcubutana nemalungelo ekulingana lasesigabeni 9 nesitfunti esigabeni 10 seMtsetfosisekelo wakitsi, kantsi-ke ngaloko kumele sikhishwe emabhukwini emtsetfo. Umphumela walesincumo ngukutsi akusiko kuphela kutsi lemitsetfomgomo leyendlaliwe leyengamele kwabiwa kwelifa leniketelwe kulesigaba ayihambisani neMtsetfosisekelo, kepha naletinchubo lokuphatfwa ngato timphahla temafa ebantfu labamnyama ngalokwehlukile etimphahleni temafa ebelungu nato titfolwa kutsi atihambisani neMtsetfosisekelo.
LiSekela laSomajaji Langa liphindze lacubungula umtsetfomgomo wemtsetfo wendzabuko wase-Afrika wekudla lifa ngulabadvuna, ngendlela loye wasetjentiswa ngayo macondzana nekudliwa kwelifa leliyimphahla. Lincume kutsi lowo mtsetfomgomo ubandlulula ngalokungenabulungiswa macondzana nalabasikati kanye nebantfwana labatfolwe ngaphandle kwemshado. Ngalokunjalo, liye lancuma kutsi lowo mtsetfomgomo awuhambisani nemtsetfosisekelo futsi awukho emtsetfweni.
Lichubeke laphawula kutsi nanobe kubonakala ngatsi kudzingekile kutsi tinkantolo titfutfukise imitsetfomgomo lemisha yemtsetfo wendzabuko wase-Afrika kutsi kuvetwe umtsetfo wendzabuko lophilako kanye nekufaka umtsetfo wendzabuko ezingeni lekuhambisana nemtsetfosisekelo, leso sisombululo asibonakali singaphumelela kulelicala bekubukenwe nalo, ngenca yekutsi lomtsetfomgomo wekudliwa kwelifa ngulabadvuna usisekelo semtsetfo wendzabuko futsi angeke wangeniswa ngekuya ngalelo nalelo cala. Nanobe kunjalo, uphawule kutsi luhlelo lwesikhashana lwekulawula kwabiwa kwemphahla yemafa ebantfu labamnyama labashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yakwaba lifa ludzingekile sidzimate sishayamtsetfo sikwati kuniketa ngesisombululo sanomphela. Ngaloko-ke, iNkantolo incuma kutsi timphahla temafa lebengaphambilini betingabiwa ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yeMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama kanye nemtsetfomgomo wendzabuko wekudliwa kwelifa ngulabadvuna kumele tabiwe ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo leyendlalwe kuMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba. Kunetimiso telikhetselo letentiwako macondzana nemishado yesitsembu.
Lesincumo saleNkantolo mayelana nemitsetfomgomo yekwaba lifa sentiwa kutsi sisebente kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile lesingumhlaka 27 Apreli 1994, kepha angeke sisebente kumafa lasacedziwe kwabiwa mayelana netimphahla, ngaphandle uma indlalifa beyifake sicelo sekuphikisa kuba semtsetfweni kwetimiso temtsetfo kanye nemtsetfomgomo wendzabuko wekudliwa kwelifa ngulabadvuna.
Macondzana nekwenganyelwa kwetimphahla temafa, iNkantolo incume kutsi esikhatsini lesitako timphahla temafa ebantfu labashonile lebetitawenganyelwa timantji ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, kumele nyalo tenganyelwe ngumBhalisi weTemafa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa Nombolo 66 wanga-1965. Nanobe kunjalo lesincumo senkantolo mayelana nekwenganyelwa kwetimphahla temafa asentiwa kutsi sisebente kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile, ngaloko-ke timphahla temafa lokungunyalo letenganyelwa timantji ngekulandzela sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama titawuchubeka nekwenganyelwa nguleto timantji. Kusukela kulolusuku lwalesincumo, timphahla temafa letinsha titawenganyelwa ngumBhalisi weTemafa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa.
Ngekufinyeta kuphetfwa ngekutsi:
Sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama Nombolo 38 wanga-1927 siyacitfwa kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile lesingumhlaka 27 Apreli 1994.
Timantji angeke tisaba neligunya lekwengamela timphahla temafa ebantfu labamnyama labashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa.
Tonkhe timphahla temafa, kungakhatsalekile ngebuhlanga, umbala nobe inkholelo, titawenganyelwa ngumBhalisi weTemafa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa Nombolo 66 wanga-1965.
Sincumo seNkantolo mayelana nekwenganyelwa kwetimphahla temafa asentiwa kutsi sisebente kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile, ngaloko-ke timphahla temafa lokungunyalo letenganyelwa timantji ngekulandzela sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama titawuchubeka nekwenganyelwa nguleto timantji. Nanobe kunjalo, imitsetfomgomo yendzabuko yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa angeke ilandzelwe futsi imantji kutawumele isebentise timiso teMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba Nombolo 81 wanga-1987.
Nanobe timiso tesigaba 23 ticitfwe kusukela esikhatsini lesengcile, angeke tisebente ekwabiweni kwemafa losekucedziwe, ngaphandle uma indlalifa beyifake sicelo sekuphikisa kuba semtsetfweni kwetimiso temtsetfo kanye nemtsetfomgomo wendzabuko wekudliwa kwelifa ngulabadvuna. Kutsi ngabe leticelo taloko kuphikisa titawusetjentwa njani ngumtfwalo wetinkantolo kutsi tikuncume kantsi-ke sesitawulindzela kutsi loko kwenteke bese sibona khona.
Emishadweni yesitsembu, lowo nalowo mlingani utawuba nelilungelo lekutfola R125 000 nobe sabelo semntfwana.
UMPHUMELA WELICALA LA-BHE EMSEBENTINI WEKUBHALISWA KWEMATAYITELA
Ngalokufisha lelicala laka-Bhe litawuba nalemiphumela lelandzelako ekubhalisweni kwekwengciswa kwemphahla yelifa:
Tonkhe timphahla temafa letenganyelwe futsi tacedvwa ngembi kwamhlaka 15 Okthoba 2004, tisenako kutsi tingacondzisa egunyeni lesimisomgomo 4 seMantji, ngaphandle uma kuba semtsetfweni kwaso kufakelwe incabhayi enkantolo: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi leto timphahla tamafa betenganyelwa yiMantji ngekulandzela siMemetelo R200 sanga-1987.
Tonkhe timphahla temafa lapho umufi washona khona ngemuva kwamhlaka 15 Okthoba 2004, nobe uma leyo mphahla yelifa beseyivele iseluhlelweni lwekwenganyelwa, kepha ingakacedvwa ngalolo suku, kumele tenganyelwe ngekulandzela timiso teMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba Nombolo 81 wanga-1987. Sisusa salokubhaliswa kwekwengciswa kwemphala yelifa kumele sicondzise esigabeni lesifanelekile 1 (a) kuya ku-1 (e) salowo Mtsetfo.
Kutsi ngabe babhalisi bematayitela batawukwati njani kucubungula kutsi ngabe leyo mphahla yelifa beseyabiwe nobe beseyivele iseluhlelweni lwekwenganyelwa, ngumbuto lovulekile. Nanobe kunjalo, kucatjangelwa kutsi baBhalisi bemaTayitela batawetsembela ekubeni cotfo kwetimantji mayelana naloludzaba bese balandzela ligunya lesimisomgomo 4 .
UMTSETFO LOMUSHA LOLINDZELEKILE
LiKhomishani leMtsetfo laseNingizimu Afrika kungunyalo liphenya futsi lidvweba luhlaka lwemtsetfo lomusha lotawulawula tonkhe timphahla temafa, ngaphandle kwekwehlukanisa mayelana nebuhlanga, bulili nobe lisiko.
Uyacelwa kutsi ucaphele kutsi lomtsetfo lohlongotwako lokukhulunywa ngawo umane usiphakamiso kanye nekutsi awukemukelwa yiPhalamende.
Lomtsetfo lohlongotwako ufundzeka ngalendlela lelandzelako:
LUHLAKA LWEMTSETFOSIVIVINYO WEKUCHITJIYELWA KWEMTSETFO WENDZABUKO WEKWABIWA KWELIFA
TiNchazelo
KuloMtsetfo ngaphandle uma ingcikitsi ikhomba ngalokunye ?
umtsetfo wendzabuko? kusho imitsetfo, emasiko nemihambo lokulandzelwa bantfu bendzabuko yase-Afrika eNingizimu Afrika futsi lokuyincenye yemasiko alabo bantfu, kungakhatsalekile kutsi ngabe leyo mitsetfo nemasiko kubhalwe phasi nobe akukabhalwa;
INdvuna? kusho iNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo;
imphahla yemuntfu matfupha? kusho tintfo temuntfu loshonile tekugcoka, tekusetjentiswa nguye nobe tekutihlobisa, ifenisha naletinye tintfo tasendlini, tisetjentiswa letetayelekile tekulima netekutingela, tincwadzi, timoto nobe letinye tintfo tekutfutsa; lelithemu alifaki ekhatsi imali nobe sibambiso semali nobe tintfo lebetisetjentiswa ngumufi ngekwetinhloso tebhizinisi;
umholi wendzabuko? kusho nobe ngubani lophetse sikhundla ngaphasi kweluhlaka lwesakhiwo sekulawula sendzabuko ngekulandzela umtsetfo wendzabuko nobe lomunye umtsetfo.
Kudla lifa
 Nanobe kungaba nalomunye umtsetfo losho ngalenye indlela, imphahla yelifa lemuntfu kumele ekushoneni kwalowo muntfu yabiwe ngekulandzela incwadzi yekwaba lifa yalowo muntfu nobe, uma ingekho incwadzi lesemtsetfweni yekwaba lifa, ngalokugcwele nobe ngekwencenye, ngekulandzela umtsetfo wekwabiwa kwemphahla yelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa lemiswe nguMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, 1987, (uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987).
UMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, 1987 uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987, usebenta ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi emphahleni yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa lemuntfu, lokutse ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, wangena emshadweni wendzabuko losemtsetfweni lobewuchubeka ngesikhatsi sekushona kwalowo muntfu.
a Nanobe kungaba nalomunye umtsetfo losho ngalenye indlela, futsi ngaphasi kwembandzela wendzima b ngentasi, umlingani udla indlu yemufi kanye nemphahla yemufi matfupha.
b Uma umufi bekangumnikati wetindlu letingetulu kwayinye, umlingani lophilako angadla lifa layinye yaletindlu, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi umlingani lophilako unelilungelo lekukhetsa kutsi utsatsa yiphi indlu.
LoMtsetfo awusebenti etindzabeni letimayelana nekungena esikhundleni ehhovisi lemholi wendzabuko.
Kuchitjiyelwa kweMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, 1987, (uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987)
Sigaba 1 seMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, 1987 (uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987) ngaloku siyachitjiyelwa ?
a ngekufakwa esikhundleni sendzima a yesigatjana 1 kwalendzima lelandzelako:
a ushiya-
umlingani munye, kepha hhayi umntfwana, lowo mlingani utawudla imphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa;
ii balingani labangetulu kwamunye, kepha hhayi umntfwana, labo balingani batawudla imphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa ngetabelo letilinganako;?
b ngekufakwa endzimeni c yesigatjana 1 esikhundleni salamagama landvulela indzinyana i kwalamagama lalandzelako:
ushiya [umlingani kanye nemntfwana]??;
c ngekufakwa esikhundleni sendzinyana i sendzima c yesigatjana 1 kwalendzinyana lelandzelako:
i umntfwana kanye ?
aa nemlingani munye, lowo mlingani utawudla sabelo semntfwana semphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa nobe lokunyenti kwaleyo mphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa lokungengci linani lelimiswe yiNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende, kuye ngekutsi ngukuphi lokukhulu; nobe bb nebalingani labangetulu kwamunye, labo balingani ngamunye batawudla sabelo semntfwana semphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa nobe lokunyenti kwalemphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa ngetabelo letilinganako lokungengci linani lelimiswe ngekulandzela indzinyana aa, kuye ngekutsi ngukuphi lokukhulu; futsi? kanye cc nangekufakwa esikhundleni sendzima b yesigatjana 4 kwalendzima lelandzelako:
b ?imphahla yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa? ifaka ekhatsi nobe nguyiphi incenye yanobe nguyiphi imphahla yelifa lengabiwa ngekulandzela incwadzi yekwaba lifa [nobe lapho sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, 1927 UMtsetfo Nombolo 38 wanga-1927, singasebenti kuyo];? kanye dd nangekufakwa esikhundleni sesigatjana 6 kwalesigatjana lesilandzelako:
Uma umntfwana wemufi, lokungafaki ekhatsi umntfwana losemncane nobe umntfwana longakaphili kahle engcondvweni, ngekuhlanganyela nemlingani lophilako wemufi, banelilungelo lekuzuza emphahleni yelifa lelabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lifa encaba kwemukela lilungelo lakhe lekutfola leyo nzuzo, leyo nzuzo itawuya kumlingani lophilako longumtali walowo mntfwana.?
Kuchitjiyelwa kweMtsetfo weKondliwa kwebaLingani labaPhilako, 1990, (uMtsetfo Nombolo 27 wanga-1990)
Sigaba 1 seMtsetfo weKondliwa kwebaLingani labaPhilako, 1990, (uMtsetfo Nombolo 27 wanga-1990), ngaloku siyachitjiyelwa ngekwengetwa kwalamagama lalandzela enchazelweni ?yemlingani lophilako?? ngekuhlanganyela nanobe ngumuphi umntfwana nobe lomunye umuntfu lohlobene nemufi lobekangaphasi kwekondliwa ngumufi macondzana nekwesekelwa ngembi kwekushona kwemufi.
Kucitfwa kwemitsetfo
(a) TinCwebu temTsetfo wesiZulu ngekhatsi kwaKaZulu/Natali, uMtsetfo Nombolo 16 wanga-1985 kanye nesiMemetelo R151 sanga-1987, tiyacitfwa kufikela ezingeni lekungahambisani naloMtsetfo kanye neMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, 1987 (uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987).
b Sigaba 23 seMtsetfo wekuLawulwa kwalabaMnyama, 1927 uMtsetfo Nombolo 38 wanga-1927, ngaloku siyacitfwa.
c Nanobe nguyiphi imitsetfo yendzabuko lephocelela indlalifa kutsi yondle bondliwa bemufi kutsi bakhokhele tikweledu temufi iyacitfwa.
Sihloko lesifisha nekucala kusebenta
LoMtsetfo ubitwa ngekutsi nguMtsetfo wekuChitjiyelwa kweMtsetfo weNdzabuko weKwaba Lifa, 2000, futsi utawucala kusebenta ngelusuku lolumiswe nguMengameli ngesimemetelo kuMculu waHulumende.
SINGENISO
Seloku kwasekelwa umhlaba, umtsetfo wemvelo awukaze wemukele imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu. Balingani baleyo mishado bebatsatfwa, emehlweni emtsetfo, njengalabangakashadi buka Ismail v Ismail 1983 1 SA 1006 AD.
Ngekubuka kuMtsetfosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, lowemukela emasiko nemihambo yato tonkhe takhamuti taseNingizimu Afrika, sishayamtsetfo kwadzingeka kutsi siniketele ngemtsetfo lowemukela imishado yesiSulumani lesemtsetfweni, uphindze uniketele ngemiphumela yaleyo mishado.
KuneMtsetfosivivinyo lophasisiwe mayelana netinhloso tekwemukela imiShado yesiSulumani.
Kulamanotsi akukahloswa kukhuluma kabanti ngaloMtsetfosivivinyo ngalokujulile, kepha kutawubukwa ikakhulukati leto tigaba letifanelekile kubameli kanye nasemsebentini wetemtsetfo.
TINCHAZELO
Kutawutsintfwa kuphela letinchazelo letitsintekako kulamanotsi kuphela.
INkantolo
INkantolo yeTemndeni
INkantolo yeDivosi lesungulwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 seMtsetfo Nombolo 9 wanga-1929.
Umshado wesilungu lovele ukhona
Lona ngumshado wesiSulumani lophindze ubhalisiwe futsi lowagcwaliswa waphindze wabhaliswa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wemShado wanga-1961, ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo. Ngalamanye emavi, ngumshado lokwangenwa kuwo ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wesi-Islamu kanye neMtsetfo weMvelo.
Buka siHlomelo A kutsi ubone lishadi lekwendlala.
UMshadisi
Nobe ngubani lokhetfwe yiNdvuna kutsi abe ngumshadisi.
KUSEBENTA KWALOMTSETFO
Imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Balingani labangena emshadweni wesiSulumani ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, kumele bakhetse kutsi ngabe batawuboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo sigaba 21.
Ngekulandzela sigaba 6 (b) saloMtsetfo, uma labalingani bakhetsa kuboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo, lowo mshado wesiSulumani kutawumele ubhaliswe ekucedzeni kwekungenwa kuwo, kantsi nesikhatsi lesengetiwe siniketiwe.
Nanobe kunjalo, kwehluleka kubhalisa lowo mshado akukutsintsi kuba kwalowo mshado semtsetfweni (buka sigaba 6 ngentasi).
Imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Yonkhe imishado lokungenwe kuyo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo itawenganyelwa timiso taloMtsetfo ngaphandle uma labalingani, kungakapheli tinyanga letilishumi nambili nobe lesinye sikhatsi lesengitiwe lesisatawumiswa, bakhetsa kutsi umshado wabo ungaboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo sigaba 22.
Imiphumela yemishado lengalawulwa nguloMtsetfo
Uma balingani bakhetsa kutsi bangaboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo, umtsetfo ngalendlela bewungayo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo utawusebenta kubo sigaba 23. Loku kutawuba nemphumela wekutsi leyo mishado ingabi ngulemukelekile bese nesimo semtsetfo wemvelo njengobe sicaciswe ngasekucaleni kube ngiso lesisebentako.
Imiphumela yemiShado yesiLungu leVele iKhona
Timiso taloMtsetfo titawusebenta kunobe ngumuphi umshado wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu futsi logcwaliswe waphindze wabhaliswa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wemShado wanga-1961 sigaba 24, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi labalingani bakhetsa kutsi timiso taloMtsetfo tentiwe kutsi tisebente kulowo mshado. LoMtsetfo, nanobe kunjalo, angeke utsintse imiphumela yemshado yetemphahla kulomshado lovele ukhona, kantsi ngekwetizatfu letiselubala tigaba 5, 6, 7 na-10 taloMtsetfo angeke tisebente kulowo mshado.
LoMtsetfo awusebenti emishadweni yesilungu nobe emishadweni yendzabuko, lelawulwa nguMtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, Nombolo 120 wanga-1998.
Buka siHlomelo B kutsi ubone liShadi leKwendlala.
Mishado yesiSulumani kuphela lapho loMtsetfo usebenta khona futsi lehambisana nato tonkhe timfuneko taloMtsetfo, leyitawutsatfwa njengalesemtsetfweni sigaba 25.
KULINGANA
Balingani basemshadweni wesiSulumani banemagunya lagcwele ekungena etivumelwaneni, ekufaka nekuvikela timangalo enkantolo, njll.
Bobabili balingani kumele bavume
Umshadisi kumele acinisekise kutsi imvume iniketiwe
Bofakazi kumele babe khona ngalesikhatsi kungenwa kulomshado
Bobabili bashadi kumele babe bafike eminyakeni lengu-18
Tigaba 6 na-7 kumele tibe tigcwalisekile sigaba 51.
KWENCATJELWA KWEMSHADO LOWENGETIWE
Akukho umlingani wemshado wesiSulumani longangena kulomunye umshado lowengetiwe ngaphasi kweMtsetfo wemShado nobe lomunye umtsetfo, ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado sigaba 52. Nanobe ngumuphi umshado lokutawungenwa kuwo ngaleyo ndlela angeke ube semtsetfweni sigaba 53. Nalolu lolunye luhlangotsi nalo luyasebenta. Balingani bemshado wesiSulumani, lapho timiso taloMtsetfo tisebenta khona, nabo angeke bangene emshadweni wesilungu.
Umshado lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Lowo mshado kumele ubhaliswe kungakapheli iminyaka lemibili ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe singavunyelwa sigaba 61a. Nanobe lesigaba singulesiphocelelako, kwehluleka kubhalisa lomshado angeke kukutsintse kuba kwawo semtsetfweni.
Umshado lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Uma balingani bakhetse kuboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo, lowo mshado kumele ubhaliswe ngalesikhatsi kungenwa kuwo nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe singavunyelwa sigaba 61b. Buka loku lokushiwo lapha ngenhla mayelana nekwehluleka kuwubhalisa lomshado.
BUFAKAZI BEMSHADO
Ngekulandzela sigaba 6 (d), umshadisi kumele anikete labalingani sitifiketi sekubhaliswa kwemshado, lesitawuba bufakazi lobungeke buphikiseke bekuba khona kwalomshado wesiSulumani.
Umshadisi angencaba kubhalisa umshado, kantsi nenkantolo ngalokulandzelako, uma kufakwe sicelo, ingawubhalisa lowo mshado sigaba 65 nesigaba 66.
Kwehluleka kubhalisa umshado wesiSulumani akukutsintsi kuba semtsetfweni kwalowo mshado sigaba 610.
Umshado lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Lowo mshado weluhlobo lwekwehlukanisa imphahla, ngaphandle kwekuba khona kwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado, ngaphandle uma balingani babhalisa sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado ehhovisi lekubhalisa ematayitela kungakapheli tinyanga letingu-12 kusukela ekucaleni kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo sigaba 81a.
Umshado lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
Lowo mshado weluhlobo lwekwehlukanisa imphahla, ngaphandle kwekuba khona kwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado, ngaphandle uma balingani babhalisa sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado ehhovisi lekubhalisa ematayitela kungakapheli tinyanga letintsatfu ngemuva kwekungena kulowo mshado sigaba 81b.
KUGUCULA LUHLOBO LWEMSHADO NGEKWEMPHAHLA
Balingani basemshadweni wesiSulumani, lapho loMtsetfo usebenta khona, bangafaka sicelo eNkantolo ngekuhlanganyela kutsi baniketwe imvume yekugucula luhlobo lwemshado wabo ngekwemphahla sigaba 83. Akukho mkhawulo lomisiwe wesikhatsi sekwenta leyo ngucuko.
TIMFUNEKO TEMSHADO WESITSEMBU LOWENGETIWE WESISULUMANI
Indvodza leshade ngekwemshado wesiSulumani, lapho loMtsetfo usebenta khona, lefisa kungena kulomunye umshado lowengetiwe, kumele ifake sicelo eNkantolo sekwenta loku:
Kutsi kuvunywe lowo mshado; kanye
Nekutsi kuvunywe sivumelwano lesilawula imiphumela yasesikhatsini lesitako ngekwemphahla kulemishado sigaba 86.
Uma iNkantolo ivumelana nalesicelo, ikhophi lecinisekisiwe yalesivumelwano kumele ibhaliswe nembhalisi wematayitela sigaba 89.
KUBHALISWA WEMISHADO YESITSEMBU
Akukho mbhalisi wemishado lokumele abhalise umshado wesitsembu ngaphandle kwekutsi aniketwe ikhophi yesincumo senkantolo sigaba 810.
Sigaba 9 siniketela ngekucitfwa kwemishado yesiSulumani yinkantolo yemtsetfo ngetizatfu letivunyelwe ngekwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu (buka siHlomelo C kutsi ubone inchubo lokumele ilandzelwe mayelana nekucitfwa kwemshado).
Uma kwenteka umlingani wasemshadweni lokhona wesilungu afaka sicelo sesehlukaniso ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weDivosi, inkantolo angeke iwucitse lowo mshado wesilungu idzimate inkantolo yenetiseke ngekutsi umshado wesiSulumani sewucitsiwe (sigaba 10).
KWEMUKELWA KWEMISHADO YESISULUMANE LOKUNGENWE KUYO EMAVENI ANGEPHANDLE
Yinkantolo yemtsetfo kuphela lengemukela loluhlobo lwemshado uma kunekungcubutana emkhatsini kwemacembu nobe nemshadisi.
KUSONJULULWA KWEKUNGCUBUTANA
Tigaba 13, 14 na-15 taloMtsetfo tiniketela ngenchubo lokumele ilandzelwe uma kunekungcubutana mayelana nekucitfwa kwemishado (buka siHlomelo D kutsi ubone luhlaka lwalenchubo lokumele ilandzelwe).
LoMtsetfosivivinyo lohlongotwako ufundzeka ngalendlela:
Kuniketela ngekwemukelwa kwemishado yesiSulumani; kwendlala timfuneko temshado wesiSulumani losemtsetfweni; kulawula kubhaliswa kwemishado yesiSulumani; kwemukela simo nemagunya ebalingani bemishado yesiSulumani; kulawula imiphumela yetemphahla kumishado yesiSulumani; kulawula kucitfwa kwemishado yesiSulumani kanye nemiphumela yaloko; kuniketela ngekwentiwa kwetimisomgomo; kanye nekuniketela ngetimiso tekulawula tindzaba leteyamene naloko.
Tinchazelo kanye nekuhunyuswa kwaloMtsetfo
KuloMtsetfo, ngaphandle uma ingcikitsi ikhomba ngalokunye-
i ?inkantolo? kusho iNkantolo lePhakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika, nobe iNkantolo yeTemndeni lesungulwe ngaphasi kwanobe ngumuphi umtsetfo, futsi ifaka ekhatsi iNkantolo yeDivosi lesungulwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 seMtsetfo wekuChibiyela Tekulawula, 1929 uMtsetfo Nombolo 9 wanga-1929 futsi leyakhiwe njengobe kwedlalwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 15;
ii ?i-dowa lemiselwe esikhatsini lesitako? kusho i-dowa nobe incenye yayo letawukhokhwa esikhatsini lesitako lokuvunyelenwe ngaso kepha, nanobe kwentekani, kumele ikhokhwe nakanjani ekucitfweni kwalomshado ngedivosi nobe ngekufa;
iii ?kungcubutana? kusho kungcubutana nobe kungcubutana lokusolelwako lokumayelana nekuhunyushwa nobe nekusetjentiswa kwanobe ngusiphi simiso saloMtsetfo nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo losebentako;
iv ?uMtsetfo weDivosi? kusho umtsetfo weDivosi, 1979 uMtsetfo 70 wanga-1979?
v ?i-dowa? i-mahr kusho imali, imphahla nobe yini lenye yeligugu, lokufaka ekhatsi tinzuzo lokumele tikhokhwe yindvodza inikete umfati njengemphumela lotentakalela ngekwemtsetfo ngenca yalomshado kuze kutsi kusungulwe umndeni futsi lokwendlala tesekelo teluvelelo nekutsandzana;
vi ?umshado wesilungu lovele ukhona? kusho umshado lovele ukhona lokungenwe kuwo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu lobhaliswe waphindze wagcwaliswa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961, ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo;
vii ?kuhlelembisa umshado? njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigaba 69 kusho kusebentisa ifomula yemshado emgidzini i-nikah;
viii ?uMmeli wasemaJajini weTebantfwana nemindeni? kusho nanobe ngumuphi uMmeli wasemaJajini weTebantfwana nemindeni lokhetfwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 21 seMtsetfo wekuLamula etiNdzabeni letiTsite teDivosi, 1987 uMtsetfo 24 wanga-1987;
ix ?iFaskhi? kusho incwadzi yesehlukaniso sekucitfwa kwemshado leniketwa yinkantolo, ngesicelo lesifakwa yindvodza nobe ngumfati, ngaphasi kwanobe ngusiphi sizatfu nobe simo lesivunywe ngumtsetfo wesi-Islamu, kantsi uma kucondzene nemfati, kufaka ekhatsi lesinye nobe letinye taletizatfu letilandzelako, lokusho, uma -
a lendvodza inyamalele, nobe kungatiwa lapho ihlala khona, esikhatsini lesenabile ngalokufanelekile i-Mafqud al-Khabar;
c lendvodza igwetjwe sigwebo sasejele lokusikhatsi lesiminyaka lemitsatfu nobe ngetulu, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi umfati uneligunya lekufaka sicelo sencwadzi yesehlukaniso kungakapheli sikhatsi lesingumnyaka munye kusukela esukwini lwekugwetjwa;
d lendvodza igula ngekwengcondvo, nobe isesimeni sekuculeka lokuchubekako njengobe kubukelelwa ngaphasi kwesigaba 5 seMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979 uMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979 lokutimiso letitawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi i-Junun;
e lendvodza iphetfwe sifo sekungavuki kwemthondo nobe lesinye sifo lesimatima lesenta kutsi kuhlalisana kungabi yintfo lemnandzi nalenemphumelelo ?i-Ayb?;
f lendvodza iphatsa umfati wayo ngesihluku nganobe ngayiphi indlela, lokwenta kutsi kuhlalisana kungabi yintfo lemnandzi nalenemphumelelo i-Dharar;
g lendvodza yehlulekile, ngaphandle kwesizatfu lesivalakalako, kugcwalisa imitfwalo yayo yasemshadweni esikhatsini lesidze lesifanelekile i-Dharar;
i lendvodza iletsa lusizi nebuhlungu emfatini wayo, njengobe kwemukelwa ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu i-Dharar; nobe j kungevani emkhatsini kwalabalingani kuye kwacekela phasi tinhloso talomshado, lokufaka ekhatsi emagugu lasisekelo elutsandvo lwalomunye kulomunye, luvelelo, kutsandzana kanye nekuvisisana, lokuholele ekutseni kucitfwa kwalomshado kubonakale njengesisombululo ngaphasi kwaleto timo i-Shiqaq;
x ?i-Iddah? kusho sikhatsi sekulindza lesiphocelekile, lesisukela ekucitfweni kwemshado nge-Talakhi, iFaskhi nobe kufa lokusikhatsi lokumele ngaso umfati angaphindzi ashade. I-Iddah yemfati lodivosile -
a losesimeni sekuya esikhatsini, kuba tinyanga letintsatfu taloko kuya esikhatsini;
b longasekho esimeni sekuya esikhatsini nganobe ngasiphi sizatfu, kuba tinyanga letintsatfu;
c lokhulelwe, ihamba kudzimate kube sesikhatsini sekubeleka;
a uma angakakhulelwa, iba ngemalanga langu-130;
b uma akhulelwe, ihamba kudzimate kube sesikhatsini sekubeleka.
a kuTalakhi lenekuhociseka yekucala nobe yesibili lemenyetelwe yindvodza leba ngulengenakuhociseka kuphela uma kuphela i-Iddah;
b kuTalakhi lemenyetelwe ngalokucacile njengaleyo lengenakuhociseka ngesikhatsi sekumenyetelwa; kanye c nasesimemetelweni seTalakhi yesitsatfu;
xii ?Khul?a? kusho kucitfwa kwelifindvo lemshado, ngekufakwa kwesicelo ngumfati, ngekulandzela sivumelwano sekwengciswa kwemphahla nobe lenye intfo lephatsekako leyemukelekile emkhatsini kwebalingani ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu;
xiii ?uMtsetfo wemShado? kusho uMtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961;
xiv ?uMshadisi? kusho nobe ngumuphi umuntfu wesiSulumani lonelwati lwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu lokhetfwe yiNdvuna nobe siphatsimandla lesisebenta ngaphasi kweligunya leNdvuna lelibhaliwe njengeMshadisi ngekwetinhloso taloMtsetfo;
xv ?iNdvuna? kusho iNdvuna yeTasekhaya;
xvii ?umshado wesiSulumani? kusho umshado emkhatsini kwendvodza nemfati lokungenwe kuwo ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu kuphela;
xviii ?misiwe? kusho misiwe ngesimisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 18;
xix ?i-dowa lephutfumako? kusho i-dowa nobe incenye yayo lekhokhwa ngalesikhatsi kungenwa emshadweni nobe masinyane ngemuva kwaloko ngekubitwa ngumfati;
xx ?iTalakhi lenekuhociseka? kusho iTalakhi Raj?i lengacitsi umshado ngembi kwekuphela kwe-?Iddah?, futsi iniketa lamacembu litfuba lekutsi angabuyisana ngembi kwekuphela kwe-Iddah? kuphela;
xxi ?i-Tafwid al- Talaq? kusho kuniketelwa yindvodza kwemagunya ayo leTalakhi kumfati nobe ngubani lomunye umuntfu, lokungaba ngalesikhatsi sekungena emshadweni nobe ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalomshado, kuze kutsi umfati nobe lomuntfu lomunye lokhetsiwe atawukwati kucitsa lomshado ngekumemetela iTalakhi ngalokungageji ngekulandzela timiso taloko kuniketwa emagunya;
xxii ?i-Talakhi? kusho kucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani, ngaleso sikhatsi kumenyetelwa nobe kulesinye sikhatsi lesitawulandzela, yindvodza, nobe ngumfati wayo nobe sitfunywa, logunyatwe ngiyo nobe nguye ngalokufanelekile kutsi ente njalo, ngekusebentisa leligama leTalakhi nobe lelinye lelifanako nobe umfakela walo kunobe ngabe nguluphi lulwimi, futsi kufaka ekhatsi kumenyetelwa kweTalakhi ngemuva kwe-Tafwid ul Talaq; kantsi xxiii ?loMtsetfo? ufaka ekhatsi netimisomgomo.
Kusebenta kwaloMtsetfo
 Timiso taloMtsetfo titawusebenta emshadweni wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngembi nobe ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo uma labalingani balowo mshado bakhetsa ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo.
Timiso taloMtsetfo titawusebenta emshadweni wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi labalingani batawuba nemagunya, kungakapheli sikhatsi lesitinyanga lengu-12 nobe ngusiphi lesinye sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe kungamiswa, kusukela esukwini laloko kucala kwekusebenta, ngekuhlanganyela kutsi bakhetse ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo, kantsi-ke ngaphasi kwaleso simo timiso taloMtsetfo angeke tisebente macondzana nalowo mshado.
Umtsetfo losebenta macondzana nemshado wesiSulumani lokungaphasi kwawo labalingani bakhetse kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo kutawuba ngulomtsetfo njengobe bewunjalo ngembi kwekutsi loMtsetfo ucale kusebenta.
Timiso taloMtsetfo ?
a titawusebenta macondzana nemshado wesilungu lovele ukhona kufikela ezingeni labo balingani balowo mshado bakhetse ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi bente timiso taloMtsetfo tisebente, lokungafaki ekhatsi tigaba 5, 6, 7 na-10: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi emalungelo emphahla labesavele atfolakele asukela ekutseni lomshado weluhlobo lwekuhlanganisa imphahla nobe ngumshado longaphasi kweluhlelo lwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado, nobe ngekulandzela sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado, angeke atsintseke;
b atisebenti macondzana nemshado wesilungu logcwaliswe ngaphasi kweMtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961 ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo; futsi c atisebenti macondzana nemshado wendzabuko lobhaliswe ngaphasi kwemtsetfo weKwemukelwa kwemiShado yeNdzabuko, 1998 uMtsetfo 120 wanga-1998.
Umshado wesiSulumani lapho loMtsetfo usebenta khona futsi lapho tonkhe timfuneko taloMtsetfo kuhlangatjetenwe nato, mayelana nato tonkhe tinhloso utawemukelwa njengemshado losemtsetfweni.
Simo sekulingana nemagunya ebalingani
Umfati nendvodza basemshadweni wesiSulumani bayalingana ngesitfunti sebuntfu futsi bobabili, ngekwesizatfu sekulingana, banesimo, emagunya laphelele kanye nekutimela ngasetimalini, lokufaka ekhatsi ligunya lekutsenga imphahla kanye nekutitsengisa, kungena esivumelwaneni nekufaka nekuvikela timangalo enkantolo.
Kungcubutana
 Nobe ngukuphi kungcubutana lokuvela ngekhatsi kwemshado wesiSulumani lokwangenwa kuwo futsi lowacitfwa ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, kutawusonjululwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi labalingani ngesivumelwano lesentiwe ngendlela lemisiwe bangakhetsa kutsi lokungcubutana kusonjululwe ngephandle kwetimiso taloMtsetfo.
a Uma lokungcubutana kuvela emkhatsini kwendvodza lesemshadweni wesitsembu, namunye nobe ngetulu webalingani bayo, lokukungcubutana losekusembi kwenkantolo leneligunya lelifanelekile, futsi kungakhatsalekile kutsi ngabe lokungcubutana kumayelana nemshado lowenganyelwe ngaphasi kwetimiso taloMtsetfo nobe cha, bonkhe balingani lendvodza leshade nabo kumele baniketwe satiso saloko kungcubutana.
b Ekukhipheni sincumo ngekulandzela timiso tendzima a, inkantolo kumele inakisise emalungelo awo onkhe emacembu latsintsekako.
 Kuze kutsi umshado wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ube semtsetfweni ?
a labo labahlose kushada kumele bobabili bavume kutsi bashadiswe lomunye kulomunye.
b uMshadisi kumele acinisekise kulowo lositfunywa, uma akhona, kutsi ngabe labalingani balomshado lohlongotwako bavumelene ngaloko;
c bofakazi kumele babe khona ngesikhatsi sekungenwa kulomshado njengobe kudzingekile ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu;
d labo labahlose kuba ngumakoti nemkhwenyane kumele babe bafinyelele eminyakeni lengu-18 budzala; futsi e kumele kube nekulandzelwa kwetimiso talesigaba netigaba 6 na-7.
Akukho mlingani wemshado wesiSulumani lowemukelwe ngekulandzela loMtsetfo, ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, longangena emshadweni ngaphasi kweMtsetfo wemShado, 1961 uMtsetfo Nombolo 25 wanga-1961 nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado wesiSulumani.
Uma kwentekile kwangenwa emshadweni ngekungcubutana netimiso tesigatjana 2, lowo mshado locatjangelwako utawutsatfwa njengalongekho emtsetfweni futsi nanjengalongekho.
Uma lomunye walabo labahlose kushada asesigabeni sebuntfwana, bobabili batali bakhe, nobe uma angenabo batali, umnakekeli wakhe losemtsetfweni, kumele anikete imvume kulomshado.
Uma imvume yemtali nobe umnakekeli lophawulwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 4 ingakwati kutfolakala, timiso tesigaba 25 seMtsetfo wemShado, 1961, tiyasebenta.
Nanobe kunaloko kwencatjelwa lokushiwo ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1d, iNdvuna nobe lomunye umuntfu longumSulumani nobe umtimba wesiSulumani logunyatwe yiNdvuna, banganiketa imvume lebhaliwe emuntfwini longephasi kweminyaka lemiselwe lengu-18 kutsi angene emshadweni wendzabuko uma iNdvuna nobe leso siphatsimandla lesiphawuliwe babona lowo mshado udzingekile futsi uhambisana netimfuno letinhle tebalingani labatsintsekako.
Leyo mvume leniketwe ngekulandzela sigatjana 6 angeke isuse umtfwalo emahlombe alabo labahlose kungena kulomshado lohlongotwako kutsi bahlangabetane nato tonkhe letinye timfuneko letimiswe ngumtsetfo.
Uma umuntfu longaphasi kwaleminyaka ledzingekile lengu-18 angene emshadweni wesiSulumani ngaphandle kwemvume lebhaliwe yeNdvuna nobe yemuntfu nobe yemtimba logunyatwe yiNdvuna, iNdvuna nobe lowo muntfu nobe lowo mtimba, uma babona kutsi lowo mshado udzingekile futsi uhambisana netimfuno letinhle tebalingani labatsintsekako, futsi uma lowo mshado ngayo yonkhe indlela bewuhambisana naloMtsetfo, bangamemetela ngalokubhaliwe kutsi lowo mshado, macondzana nato tonkhe tinhloso, ungumshado wesiSulumani losemtsetfweni.
Ngaphasi kwembandzela wetimiso tetigatjana 6 na-7, sigaba 24A seMtsetfo wemShado, 1961, tiyasebenta kulomshado wesiSulumani wemntfwana losemncane lokungenwe kuwo ngaphandle kwemvume yemtali, umnakekeli, khomishani wenhlakakahle yebantfwana nobe lijaji, kuye ngekutsi simo sitsini.
Kwencatjelwa kwemshado wesiSulumani emkhatsini kwebantfu ngenca yekuhlobana kwabo ngengati nobe ngekutalana, nanobe ngasiphi lesinye sizatfu, kutawucutjungulwa ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu.
 Umshado wesiSulumani -
a lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, ngaphandle uma labalingani bakhetse kutsi bangaboshwa ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigaba 22, kumele ubhaliswe ngendlela lemisiwe kungakapheli sikhatsi lesiminyaka lemibili ngemuva kwaloko kucala kwekusebenta nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe iNdvuna ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ingamisa ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende; nobe b lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, uma balingani bakhetse kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigaba 21, kumele ubhaliswe njengobe kumisiwe ngalesikhatsi kungenwa kulowo mshado nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe iNdvuna ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ingamisa ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende.
Akukho Mshadisi lotawubhalisa umshado ngaphandle kwekutsi ?
a lowo nalowo webalingani labatsintsekako abonise uMshadisi incwadzi yakhe yamatisi lekhishwe ngaphasi kwetimiso teMtsetfo waboMatisi, 1986 uMtsetfo Nombolo 71 wanga-1986;
b uma incwadzi yamatisi ingekho, lowo mlingani lotsintsekako, anikete uMshadisi ngesitatimende lesifungelwe njengobe simisiwe; nobe c munye walabo balingani abonise incwadzi yamatisi lephawulwe endzimeni a kuMshadisi bese lona lomunye umlingani anikete uMshadisi lesitatimende lesifungelwe lesiphawulwe endzimeni b.
UMshadisi kumele ?
a atise labalingani kutsi banelilungelo lekwenta sivumelwano labatikhetsela sona lesitawulawula luhlobo lwemshado wabo, nobe kutsi bangenta sivumelwano lesetayelekile futsi kumele abanikete ngetibonelo taleso sivumelwano, njengobe simisiwe, kuze labalingani batawenta kukhetsa lokunemininingwane lephelele;
b acinisekise kutsi labalingani bayayivisisa inchubo yekubhalisa;
c uma enetisekile kutsi labalingani bangene umshado wesiSulumani losemtsetfweni, abhale imininingwane yalabalingani, lusuku lwemshado, i-dowa lokuvunyelenwe ngayo, kutsi ngabe ikhokhwa masinyane nobe ibekelwe sikhatsi lesitako ngalokugcwele nobe ngekwencenye, kanye nanobe nguyiphi leminye imininingwane lemisiwe, futsi kumele abhalise lomshado ngekulandzela loMtsetfo netimisomgomo njengobe kumisiwe;
d anikete labalingani ngesitifiketi sekubhaliswa, lesicuketse imininingwane lemisiwe; futsi e ngekuphutfuma engcisele lamarekhodi emininingwane lefanelekile ehhovisi lesifundza nobe lesigodzi lesimiselwe loko ngaphasi kwesigaba 211 seMtsetfo waboMatisi, 1986.
Umshado wesiSulumani kutawungenwa kuwo ngekulandzela emafomula lamiswe ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu, lokufaka ekhatsi i-Tazawwajtuha ne-Nakahtuha ?Ngiyakutsatsa wena Ngiyavuma kutsatfwa ngu-?..?.
Uma uMshadisi angenetiswa kutsi labalingani bangena emshadweni wesiSulumani losemtsetfweni, kumele encabe kuwubhalisa lowo lomshado.
Inkantolo, ngekulandzela sicelo lesentiwe kuleyo nkantolo balingani ngekuhlanganyela, ingayalela -
a kubhaliswa kwanobe ngumuphi umshado wesiSulumani; nobe b kucitfwa nobe kuguculwa kwanobe ngukuphi kubhaliswa kwemshado wesiSulumani lokwentiwe nguMshadisi.
Sitifiketi sekubhaliswa kwemshado wesiSulumani lesiniketwe ngaphasi kwalesigaba nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo loniketela ngekubhaliswa kwemishado yesiSulumani singubufakazi lobungenakuphikiswa mayelana nekuba khona kwalowo mshado wesiSulumani kanye nalemininingwane lecuketfwe kulesitifiketi.
Nanobe ngumuphi uMshadisi lotsi akwati kahle abhalise umshado ngekungcubutana netimiso taloMtsetfo, utawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma angalahlwa licala utawetfweswa inhlawulo lengengci ku-R5 000.
a Nobe ngubani lohlelembisa kungena emshadweni wesiSulumani, kungakhatsalekile kutsi ngabe lowo muntfu unguMshadisi, kumele atise labo labahlose kushada kutsi banekutikhetsela kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo nobe cha.
b Uma labalingani labahlose kungena emshadweni bakhetsa kutsi baboshwe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigaba 21, lomuntfu lohlelembisa lomshado lophawulwe endzimeni a kumele acondzise labo balingani kuMshadisi ngekwenhloso yekubhalisa lomshado wesiSulumani lohlelenjisiwe.
c Umuntfu lohlelembisa umshado lophawulwe endzimeni a lowehluleka kuhambisana netimiso tendzima b, utawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma angalahlwa licala utawetfweswa inhlawulo lengengci ku-R5 000.
Bufakazi beminyaka yebalingani bemshado lohlongotwako
Uma balingani bavela ngembi kweMshadisi ngekwenhloso yekungena emshadweni wesiSulumani lomunye kulomunye kantsi lowo Mshadisi ngetizatfu letivakalako usolela kutsi lomunye wabo uneminyaka lemvimbelako kutsi angangena emshadweni losemtsetfweni ngaphandle kwemvume yalomunye umuntfu, angencaba kubhalisa lomshado emkhatsini kwabo adzimate aniketwe leyo mvume ngalokubhaliwe nobe ngebufakazi lobenetisako lobubonisa kutsi lowo mlingani lotsintsekako uneligunya lekungena emshadweni ngaphandle kwaleyo mvume.
Imiphumela yetemphahla kumishado yesiSulumani nemagunya ebalingani ekwenta tivumelwano
 Umshado wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngembi nobe ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo utawutsatfwa njengemshado weluhlobo lwekwehlukanisa imphahla longafaki ekhatsi luhlelo lwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado, ngaphandle uma imiphumela yetemphahla leyengamele lowo mshado ilawulwa, ngekuvumelana kwalabalingani, ngaphasi kwesivumelwano lesendvulela umshado lesitawubhaliswa eHhovisi lemaTayitela ?
a macondzana nemshado lokungenwe kuwo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, futsi uma ngalesikhatsi kungenwa kuwo bekunesivumelwano lesibhaliwe emkhatsini kwalabalingani lesilawula imiphumela yetemphahla yalowo mshado, kungakapheli tinyanga letilishumi nambili kusukela esukwini lwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo; bese b macondzana nemshado lokungenwe kuwo ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, kungakapheli tinyanga letintsatfu ngemuva kwekungena kulowo mshado nobe kungakapheli leso sikhatsi lesengetiwe njengobe inkantolo ingavumela ngemuva kwekufakwa kwesicelo.
Nanobe kungaba naletinye timiso letisho ngalenye indlela leticuketfwe kunanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo, sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado lesiphawulwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 akunasidzingo sekutsi sibe sicinisekiswe ngummeli wetivumelwano.
Balingani basemshadweni wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo ngembi nobe ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo ngekuhlanganyela bangafaka sicelo enkantolo sekugucula luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla, lolusebenta emshadweni nobe emishadweni yabo kantsi inkantolo, uma yenetiseka kutsi -
a kunetizatfu letivakalako macondzana nalengucuko lehlongotwako;
b kunesatiso sesikhatsi lesenele mayelana nalengucuko lehlongotwako lesiniketwe bonkhe labakweledwa ngulabalingani macondzana netimali letengca ku-R500 nobe lelo nani lelingamiswa yiNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo ngesatiso kuMculu waHulumende; kanye nekutsi c akukho lomunye umuntfu lotawucekeleka phasi ngenca yalengucuko lehlongotwako, ingayalela kutsi luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolusebenta kulowo mshado nobe kuleyo mishado angeke lusasebenta iphindze igunyate balingani baleyo mishado kutsi bente sivumelwano lesibhaliwe lesitawusebenta ngekhatsi kweluhlobo lwemshado nobe tinhlobo temshado tesikhatsi lesitako ngaphasi kwemibandzela letawumiswa yinkantolo.
Macondzana nendvodza lengumlingani ngaphasi kwemshado longetulu kwamunye wesiSulumani, bonkhe bantfu labanenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba, ikakhulukati umlingani nobe balingani balendvodza labavele bakhona, kumele bahlanganiswe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo.
Uma indvodza ingumlingani ngaphasi kwemshado wesilungu lovele ukhona, kanye nangaphasi kwemshado wesiSulumani, bonkhe balingani bayo labavele bakhona kumele bahlanganiswe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo.
Indvodza yasemshadweni wesiSulumani, lapho loMtsetfo usebenta khona, lefisa kungena kulomunye umshado wesiSulumani lowengetiwe nalomunye umfati ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo kumele ifake sicelo lesicondziswe enkantolo kutsi itfole imvume ledzingekile ngekulandzela sigatjana 7, kanye nekutsi yemukele sivumelwano lesibhaliwe lesitawulawula luhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lwesikhatsi lesitako macondzana nemishado yayo.
Uma icubungula lesicelo lesifakwe ngekulandzela sigatjana 6, inkantolo -
a kumele inikete imvume uma yenetisekile kutsi lendvodza iyakwati kugcina kulingana emkhatsini kwebalingani bayo njengobe kumiswe yi-Qur?an leNgcwele;
b macondzana nemshado lovele ukhona lokungumshado wekuhlanganisa imphahla nobe longaphasi lweluhlelo lwekubutselwa ndzawonye kwemphahla letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado nobe lokunye kuhlelembisa ngekwesivumelwano -
i ingacitsa loluhlobo lwemshado ngekwemphahla lolusebentako kulowo mshado; futsi ii ingayalela kwehlukaniswa masinyane kwemphahla lehlanganisele letsintsekako ngetabelo letilinganako, nobe nganobe ngayiphi lenye indlela njengobe inkantolo ingabona kunebulungiswa;
iii Ingayalela kwehlukaniswa masinyane kwemphahla letsintsekako letfolakele ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado ngekulandzela timiso teSehluko 1 teMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984, nobe nganobe ngayiphi lenye indlela njengobe inkantolo ingabona kunebulungiswa;
c ingakhipha nobe ngusiphi sincumo mayelana nalemphahla lelindzelekile yalabalingani labatsintsekako njengobe bavumelene ngekuhlanganyela, nobe, uma kungekho kuvumelana, lomshado utawutsatfwa kutsi weluhlobo lwekwehlukanisa imphahla, ngaphandle uma inkantolo ngetizatfu letivakalako ingancuma ngalenye indlela.
Bonkhe bantfu labanenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba, ikakhulukati umlingani nobe balingani balendvodza labavele bakhona nalowo lohlose nguba ngumlingani, kumele bahlanganiswe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo lesifakwa ngekulandzela sigatjana 6.
Uma inkantolo ivuma sicelo lesilindzelekile ngekulandzela tigatjana 3 nobe 6, umbhalisi nobe mabhalane wenkantolo, kuye ngekutsi ngusiphi simo, kumele anikete lowo nalowo mlingani ngesincumo senkantolo lokufaka ekhatsi ikhophi lecinisekisiwe yaleso sivumelwano futsi kumele atfumele leso sincumo nekhophi lecinisekisiwe yaleso sivumelwano kulowo nalowo mbhalisi wematayitela wakulendzawo lapho lenkantolo itinte khona ngekwenhloso yekubhaliswa.
Akukho Mshadisi lotawubhalisa umshado wesiSulumani wesibili nobe lomunye lolandzelako, ngaphandle kwekutsi indvodza ibonise uMshadisi sincumo senkantolo, lesiniketa lemvume ledzingekile ngekulandzela sigatjana 7.
Indvodza lengena ngaphasi kwemshado wesiSulumani lowengetiwe, ibe isashadile, ngaphandle kwemvume yenkantolo, ngekungcubutana nesigatjana 6, itawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma ingalahlwa licala itawetfweswa inhlawulo lengengci ku-R20 000.
Nobe ngubani lokutsi ngenhloso avimbele lomunye umuntfu ekutsakaseleni nobe nguliphi lilungelo leliniketwe ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo, utawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma angalahlwa licala kutawumele ahlawuliswe nobe aye ejele sikhatsi lesingengci umnyaka munye.
 Timiso tesigaba 2 seMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979, (uMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979), titawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi, mayelana neligunya lenkantolo ngekwetinhloso taloMtsetfo.
Nanobe kunaloko lokushiwo timiso tesigaba 3a seMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979, uMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979, nobe lokunye lokwehlukile lokucuketfwe kunobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo nobe umtsetfo wemvelo, umshado wesiSulumani ungacitfwa ngaphasi kwanobe ngusiphi sizatfu lesivunywe ngumtsetfo wesi-Islamu. Timiso talesigaba titawuphindze tisebente, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi, macondzana nemshado wesilungu lovele ukhona kuye ngekutsi labalingani bakulowo mshado baye bakhetsa ngendlela lemisiwe kutsi timiso taloMtsetfo tisebente macondzana nemiphumela temshado wabo.
Macondzana neTalakhi loku lokulandzelako kutawusebenta:
a Indvodza itawuphoceleka kutsi ibhalise iTalakhi lengenakuhociseka masinyane, kepha nanobe kwentekani, kungakapheli emalanga langu-30 ngemuva kwekumenyetelwa kwayo, neMshadisi wasesigodzini samantji lesisedvute kakhulu nendzawo lapho kuhlala khona umfati wayo, abe lowo mfati nobe ummeleli wakhe logunyatiwe akhona kanye nabofakazi labafanelekile lababili.
b Uma kuba khona kwalomfati nobe ummeleli wakhe logunyatiwe kungeke kuphumelele ngenca yanobe ngusiphi sizatfu, ngaloko-ke uMshadisi utawubhalisa leTalakhi lengenakuhociseka uma kuphela lendvodza yenetisa uMshadisi kutsi satiso lesifanelekile ngeluhlobo lolumisiwe salokubhaliswa lokuhlongotwako siye satfunyelwa kuye sigijimi senkantolo nobe ngeluhlobo lwekwatisa ngekushicilela ephephandzabeni.
c Timiso tetindzima a na-b titawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi, uma indvodza iye yaniketela umfati ngelilungelo lekumemetela iTalakhi, kantsi nemfati uye wamemetela iTalakhi lengenakuhociseka i-Tafwid ul Talaq.
d Nanobe nguyiphi indvodza leyehlulekako kubhalisa iTalakhi lengenakuhociseka ngekulandzela lesigatjana ngekutentisa nangenhloso itawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma ingalahlwa licala itawetfweswa inhlawulo lengengci ku-R5 000.
e Uma umlingani aphikisa kuba semtsetfweni kweTalakhi lengenakuhociseka, ngekulandzela umtsetfo wesi-Islamu, uMshadisi angeke ayibhalise leyo Talakhi lengenakuhociseka, kudzimate loku kuphikisana kusonjululwe, ngekulanyulwa ngekulandzela sigaba 14 nobe yinkantolo nobe ngekulandzela sivumelwano sekusombulula lesibhaliwe emkhatsini kwebalingani.
f Umlingani, kungakapheli emalanga lalishumi nane, kusukela kulolusuku lwekubhaliswa kweTalakhi lengenakuhociseka, utawufaka sicelo semtsetfo enkantolo leneligunya kutsi aniketwe incwadzi yesehlukaniso lecinisekisa kucitfwa kwemshado ngekumenyetelwa kweTalakhi. Leso sicelo lesifakwe ngaleyo ndlela sitawuba ngaphasi kwemibandzela yetinchubo letimisiwe njalo ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ngaphasi kwemitsetfomgomo lesebentako yenkantolo. Ikhophi yesitifiketi sekubhaliswa kweTalakhi lengenakuhociseka itawunanyatseliswa kulamasamanisi ekucalisa leso sicelo. Loku akuvimbeli umlingani kutsi acele lesincumo sesikhashana lesilandzelako -
i sicelo sesikhashana uma kusacutjungulwa lesicelo mbamba-mbamba kutsi kutfolakale incwadzi yesivimbelo nobe kugcina umntfwana losemncane kwesikhashana, nobe kufinyelela kulowo mntfwana wasemshadweni lotsintsekako nobe mayelana nekukhokhelwa kwesondlo; nobe ii sicelo sekufaka ligalelo macondzana netindlelko taleso sicelo nobe kucalisa leso sicelo, nobe kwenta leso sicelo, njengemuntfu longenamali, nobe mayelana neluhlelo lwekwatisa ngekushicilela ephephandzabeni, nobe lwekutfumela ngephandle kwelive kumlingani, lotsintseka kulelo cala nobe kuleso sicelo.
g ITalakhi lengenakuhociseka lecale kuba njalo ngembi kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo angeke kudzingeke kutsi ibhaliswe ngekulandzela timiso taloMtsetfo.
Inkantolo kumele inikete incwadzi yesehlukaniso ngeluhlobo lweFaskhi ngaphasi kwanobe ngusiphi sizatfu lesemukelwe njengalesisemtsetfweni mayelana nekucitfwa kwemishado ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu, lokufaka ekhatsi letizatfu letiphawulwe ngaphasi kwenchazelo yeFaskhi ngaphasi kwesigaba 1. Umfati utawufaka sicelo sencwadzi yesehlukaniso ngeluhlobo lweFaskhi enkantolo lefanelekile, kantsi inchubo letawusebenta lapho kutawuba yinchubo lemisiwe njalo ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ngemitsetfomgomo yenkantolo, lokufaka ekhatsi sicelo lesifanelekile sesikhashana uma kusacutjungulwa lesicelo mbamba-mbamba, lesiphawulwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 3f. Kuniketwa kweFaskhi yinkantolo, lokufaka ekhatsi iFaskhi leniketwe ngekulandzela sicelo lesifakwe yindvodza, kutawuba nemphumela wekucitsa lomshado.
Balingani labafake iKhul?a batawuvela ngekwesicu sabo futsi nangekuhlanganyela ngembi kweMshadisi bese bacela kutsi leyo Khul?a ibhaliswe kube kukhona nebafakazi labafanelekile lababili. UMshadisi utawubhalisa leyo Khul?a njengeTalakhi lengenakuhociseka, kantsi ngaphasi kwaleso simo timiso tesigatjana 3f titawusebenta ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi.
UMtsetfo wekuLamula etiNdzabeni letiTsite teDivosi, 1987 uMtsetfo Nombolo 24 wanga-1987 netigaba 61 na-2 temtsetfo weDivosi, 1979 uMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979, letimayelana nekucinisekiswa kwenhlalakahle yanobe ngumuphi umntfwana losemncane nobe umntfwana losadzinga kunakekelwa kulomshado lotsintsekako, tiyasebenta ekucitfweni kwemshado wesiSulumani ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo.
Inkantolo leniketa nobe lecinisekisa incwadzi yesehlukaniso sekucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani -
a inemagunya lahlongotwe etigabeni 71, 77, na-78 teMtsetfo weDivosi, 1979, kanye nasesigabeni 24?1 seMtsetfo wekuHlanganisa iMphahla, 1984 uMtsetfo Nombolo 88 wanga-1984;
b kumele, uma ibona kunebulungiswa futsi kufanelekile, uma kungenasivumelwano lesitsite emkhatsini kwalabalingani balomshado mayelana nekwehlukaniswa kwemphahla yabo, incume kutsi leyo mphahla yehlukaniswe ngebulungiswa emkhatsini kwalabalingani, uma-
i umlingani aye wasita ngalokubonakalako, nobe ngandlela-tsite wenta umsebenti, ekusebenteni nobe ekuchutjweni kwebhizinisi nobe emabhizinisi emndeni ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalomshado; nobe ii labalingani baye bafaka ligalelo, ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalomshado, ekugcinweni nobe ekukhuleni kwalemphahla yalomunye nalomunye, nobe lomunye wabo, kudzimate kufinyelele ezingeni lekungakhonakali malula kutsi ngekwesiciniseko kutfolwe linani leligalelo lalowo nalowo mlingani.
c kumele, macondzana nendvodza lengumlingani ngaphasi kwemshado longetulu kwamunye wesiSulumani, icubungule tonkhe timo letifanelekile lokufaka ekhatsi kulandzelana kwemishado, nobe ngusiphi sivumelano nobe sincumo lokwentiwe ngekulandzela sigaba 83, na-7.
d ingayalela kutsi nobe ngubani ngekwembono wenkantolo lonenshisekelo lefanelekile kuloludzaba kutsi afakwe njengencenye kulesicelo sasenkantolo;
e ingakhipha sincumo macondzana nekugcinwa, nobe kufinyelelwa, nobe kwenganyelwa kwanobe ngumuphi umntfwana losemncane lovele kulomshado, ngekucaphela timiso tesigaba 11;
f kumele, uma ikhipha sincumo sekukhokhelwa kwesondlo, lokufaka ekhatsi sondlo sangaphambilini, icubungule tonkhe timo letifanelekile; futsi g ingakhipha sincumo sesipho sekubuyisana i-mut?ah al- Talaq ngaphasi kwetimo letichaziwe letivunywe ngumtsetfo wesi-Islamu.
Uma umshado ucitfwa kufa, umlingani lophilako utawuba nelilungelo lekufaka sicelo sesabelo emphahleni yelifa lemufi macondzana ne-dowa lengakakhokhwa, nobe ngakulokunye macondzana nanobe nguliphi ligalelo leliphatsekako lelemukelwe ngaphasi kwemtsetfo wesi-Islamu.
Umnyaka webudzala
Ngekwetinhloso taloMtsetfo, umnyaka webudzala wanobe ngubani ucutjungulwa ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weMnyaka weBudzala, 1972 (uMtsetfo Nombolo 57 wanga-1972).
Kugcinwa nekufinyelelwa kwebantfwana labasebancane
 Ekukhipheni sincumo macondzana nekugcinwa, nobe kufinyelelwa, kwanobe ngumuphi umntfwana losemncane, nobe ekukhipheni sincumo macondzana nekwenganyelwa, inkantolo, ngekuhlolisisa umtsetfo wesi-Islamu kanye nembiko netiphakamiso teMmeli wasemaJajini weTebantfwana nemindeni, itawunakisisa inhlalakahle netimfuno letinhle temntfwana.
Ngaphasi kwembandzela wesigatjana 1 lomtali longeke abe nelilungelo lekugcina lomntfwana utawuba nelilungelo lelifanelekile lekufinyelela kulomntfwana.
Uma bobabili batali bangekho, nobe, uma bona behluleka, nganobe ngutiphi tizatfu, kepha ngaphasi kwembandzela wesigatjana 1, inkantolo, ngekuhlolisisa umtsetfo wesi-Islamu, ekuniketeni lilungelo lekugcina i-al-hadanah nobe lilungelo lekwengamela bantfwana labasebancane i-al-walayah, itawuniketa lelo lungelo lekugcina nobe lekwengamela kulowo muntfu njengobe inkantolo ingabona kufanelekile, ngaphasi kwato tonkhe timo.
Sincumo mayelana nekugcinwa, kwenganyelwa nobe kufinyelelwa kwemntfwana, lesentiwe ngekulandzela loMtsetfo, singacitfwa nobe siguculwe nganobe ngusiphi sikhatsi, nobe, macondzana nekufinyelwa kwemntfwana, kungemiswa yinkantolo uma inkantolo itfola kutsi kunesizatfu lesivakalako saloko: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi uma kwentiwe luphenyo nguMmeli wasemaJajini weTebantfwana nemindeni ngekulandzela sigaba 41b seMtsetfo wekuLamula etiNdzabeni letiTsite teDivosi, 1987 uMtsetfo Nombolo 24 wanga-1987, inkantolo itawunakisisa lombiko naletiphakamiso teMmeli wasemaJajini weTebantfwana nemindeni macondzana nenhlalakahle yebantfwana labasebancane, ngembi kwekutsatsa sincumo lesifanelekile sekugucula, kucitsa nobe kumisa, kuye ngekutsi simo sitsini.
Sondlo
 Timiso teMtsetfo weSondlo, 1998 (uMtsetfo Nombolo 99 wanga-1998) titawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi, macondzana nemtfwalo wanobe ngubani kutsi ondle lomunye umuntfu. Ngaphandle kwekwehluka kuletimiso talowo Mtsetfo, timiso tetigatjana kuya ku- titawusebenta.
Nanobe kukhona lokushiwo timiso tesigaba 15 seMtsetfo weSondlo, 1998, nobe umtsetfo wemvelo, inkantolo yetesondlo, ekukhipheni sincumo sesondlo, nobe ngalenye indlela ekucubunguleni linani lokumele likhokhwe njengesondlo, itawuhlolisisa kutsi?
a indvodza inemtfwalo wekondla umfati wayo ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado wesiSulumani ngekuya kwesimo sayo kanye netidzingo letifanelekile talomfati;
b babe unemtfwalo wekondla bantfwana bakhe badzimate bakwati kutondla ngekwabo;
c macondzana nekucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani ngedivosi -
i indvodza inemtfwalo wekondla umfati kudzimate kuphele sikhatsi sekulindza lesiphocelelwe se-?Iddah?;
ii uma umfati anelilungelo lekugcina bantfwana ngekulandzela sigaba 11, indvodza inemtfwalo wekukhokhela umfati, lokufaka ekhatsi kumniketa indzawo leyehlukile yekuhlala uma umfati angenayo indzawo yekuhlala, kudzimate kuphele leso sikhatsi sekugcina bantfwana kuphela;
iii umfati ngaseceleni utawuba nelilungelo lekukhokhelwa ujrah al-hadanah macondzana nesikhatsi sekumunyisa seminyaka lemibili lebalwa kusukela esukwini lwekubelekwa kweluswane;
iv umtfwalo wendvodza wekondla umntfwana lovele emshadweni ufaka ekhatsi kuniketwa kwekudla, timphahla, indzawo leyehlukile yekuhlala, lunakekelo lwetekwelapha kanye nemfundvo.
Nanobe nguyiphi imali yesondlo lecutjungulwe ngalendlela itawuba nguleyo mali njengobe inkantolo yetesondlo ingabona inebulungiswa futsi ilungile ngaphasi kwato tonkhe timo talelo cala.
Sincumo sesondlo lesentiwe ngekulandzela loMtsetfo singacitfwa nobe siguculwe nobe simiswe yinkantolo nganobe ngusiphi sikhatsi uma inkantolo itfola kutsi kunetizatfu letivakalako tekwenta loko.
Imali yesondlo lesalele emuva lelindzeleke kutsi ikhokhelwe umfati ayinako kutsi ingacinywa kuhamba nekuphela kwesikhatsi, nanobe kukhona lokushiwo timiso teMtsetfo wekuMisa siKhatsi sekuCinywa kwemaCala 1969 uMtsetfo Nombolo 68 wanga-1969 nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo.
Kulamula lokuphocelekile
 Uma kwenteka kube nekungcubutana lokuvela ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwemshado wesiSulumani nobe lokuvela ngalenye indlela kulowo mshado, nobe ngumuphi umlingani wakulowo mshado utawucondzisa loko kungcubutana kuMkhandlu wekuLamula, lowemukelwe njengobe kumisiwe, nganobe ngusiphi sikhatsi, kungakhatsalekile kutsi kungembi nobe kungemuva kwekufaka sicelo semtsetfo lesilindzeleke ngaphasi kwesigaba 9 (f) kepha ngembi kwekwehlulelwa yinkantolo.
LoMkhandlu wekuLamula utawetama kusombulula lokungcubutana ngekulamula kungakapheli emalanga langu-30 kusukela esukwini lwekucondziswa kwako. Lelo nalelo cembu lingamelwa ngummeleli lelitikhetsele yena kuleso sicheme sekulamula.
UMkhandlu wekuLamula, ngemuva kwekusonjululwa kwekungcubutana, utawutfumela sivumelwano sekulamula enkantolo kungakapheli emalanga lasikhombisa ngemuva kwekusonjululwa kantsi leyo nkantolo, uma yenetiseka ngekutsi timfuno tanobe ngubaphi bantfwana labasebancane tivikeleke ngalokufanelekile, itawusicinisekisa leso sivumelwano sekulamula.
Uma uMkhandlu wekuLamula sewucinisekise kutsi lokungcubutana seloku akukasombululeki nobe uma lokungcubutana seloku kungakasombululeki ngemuva kwekuphela kwemalanga langu-30 kusukela esukwini lwekucondziswa kwako kuloMkhandlu, loko kungcubutana kungehlulelwa yinkantolo ngekulandzela sigaba 15.
Kubuyisana (Tahkim)
 Nanobe kungaba nalokunye lokusho ngalenye indlela lokucuketfwe ngaphasi kweMtsetfo wekuBuyisana, 1965 (uMtsetfo 42 wanga-1965), nobe nanobe ngumuphi lomunye umtsetfo, balingani basemshadweni wesiSulumani bangavumelana ngekutfumela kungcubutana lokuvela ngesikhatsi sekuchubeka kwalowo mshado nobe ngalenye lokuvela ngalenye indlela kulowo mshado kumbuyelanisi, kutsi kusonjululwe ngendlela yekubuyisana.
Ngaphasi kwembandzela wesigatjana 4, timiso teMtsetfo wekuBuyisana, 1965, titawusebenta emitameni yekubuyisana lechutjwa ngekulandzela lesigaba.
Umbuyelanisi utawucinisekisa kutsi -
a imvume yebalingani basemshadweni wesiSulumani yekutsi kungcubutana kusonjululwe ngendlela yekubuyisana iyimvume lenelwati; kanye b nekutsi nobe ngumuphi lomunye umuntfu longahle abe nenshisekelo mayelana nemphumela walokubuyisana uyatiswa ngaloko kubuyisana.
Akukho sincumo sekubuyisana lokutsintsa inhlalakahle yebantfwana labasebancane nobe simo sanobe ngubani lesitawucala kusebenta ngaphandle kwekutsi sicinisekiswe yiNkantolo lePhakeme ngemuva kwekufakwa kwesicelo kuleyo nkantolo kanye nekutsi kube kuniketwe satiso kubo bonkhe bantfu labanenshisekelo mayelana nemphumela walokubuyisana.
Ekucubunguleni sicelo sekucinisekiswa kwesincumo sekubuyisana, inkantolo kumele yenetiseke ngekutsi lesincumo sihambisana netimfuno letinhle tabo bonkhe bantfwana labasebancane kantsi macondzana naloku inkantolo -
a ingasicinisekisa lesincumo;
b ingamemetela kutsi sonkhe nobe incenye letsite yalesincumo ayinasisindvo semtsetfo;
c ingafaka lesinye sincumo inkantolo lesibona sifanelekile esikhundleni saleso sincumo;
d ingagucula lesincumo ngaphasi kwemibandzela lefanelekile; nobe e ingabuyisela loludzaba kumbuyelanisi nemiyalelo lefanelekile.
Akukho lokungaphasi kwesigatjana 5 lokutawuhunyushwa njengalokunciphisa ligunya lenkantolo ngaphasi kwanobe ngumuphi umtsetfo kutsi ibuyekete sincumo sekubuyisana uma loko kubuyeketa kumayelana nekungcubutana macondzana nemphahla lokungatsintsi emalungelo nobe timfuno tebantfwana labasebancane.
Tinkantolo nebelekeleli
 Uma nobe ngukuphi kungcubutana kutfunyelwa enkantolo kutsi kuyokwehlulelwa khona, letimiso letilandzelako titawusebenta -
a uMengameli lemaJaji, nobe lenye inhloko lefanelekile yenkantolo leneligunya, utawukhetsa lijaji lemSulumani kuleyo nkantolo kutsi lilalele loko kungcubutana, kantsi uma kungekho lijaji lemSulumani, iNdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo itawukhetsa ummeli wasemajajini losebenta njengemmeli wasemajajini nobe ummeli loneminyaka lokungenani lengu-10 asebenta njengemmeli kutsi kube nguye lowengamela lelo cala;
b inkantolo itawusitwa belekeleli lababili bemaSulumani labatawuba nelwati lwelikhetselo mayelana nemtsetfo wesi-Islamu;
c labelekeleli batawukhetfwa yiNdvuna ngesimemetelo kuMculu waHulumende futsi batawubamba leso sikhundla iminyaka lesihlanu kusukela esukwini lwaloko kumenyetelwa: Ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi kukhetfwa kwanobe ngumuphi umelekeleli kungacitfwa yiNdvuna nganobe ngusiphi sikhatsi uma kunetizatfu letivakalako;
d nobe ngubani lokhetfwe ngalendlela utawuphindze afaneleke kutsi angaphindze akhetfwe macondzana naleso sikhatsi lesengetiwe nobe tikhatsi letengetiwe njengobe iNdvuna ingabona kufanalekile.
Belekeleli labakhetfwe ngekulandzela lesigaba batawenta umsebenti wabo njengebeluleki. Uma kwenteka lowo lowengamele licala angasilandzeli seluleko semelekeleli, lowo melekeleli utawubeka imibono yakhe ngalokubhaliwe lokutawutsi, uma kwenteka kube nekwengciswa kwelicala, imukiswe kumBhalisi weNkantolo lePhakeme yeKwengcisa emaCala njengencenye yelirekhodi lokumele licutjungulwe nguleyo nkantolo.
Nobe ngusiphi sincumo senkantolo sitawuba ngaphasi wembandzela wekutsi singengciselwa eNkantolo lePhakeme yeKwengcisa emaCala ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo lefanelekile yeNkantolo, ngaphandle kwekutsi lowo lowengcisa licala angeke aphoceleleke kutsi anikete sibambiso setindleko taloko kwengcisa licala.
Uma kwenteka kuba nekwengciswa kwelicala liye eNkantolo lePhakeme yeKwengcisa emaCala, leso sincumo sitawumukiswa etikhungweni letimbili tesiSulumani, letemukelwe njengobe kumisiwe, kutsi tiphawule ngalokubhaliwe mayelana nemtsetfo bese loko kuphawula kuletfwa kuphela kuMbhalisi weNkantolo lePhakeme yeKwengcisa emaCala kungakapheli sikhatsi lesingemalanga langemashumi lasitfupha kusukela esukwini lokwetfulwa ngalo lesatiso sekwengcisa lelo cala.
INkantolo lePhakeme yeKwengcisa emaCala, ekucubunguleni lelicala lelengcisiwe leliphawulwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 4, itawuhlolisisa lokuphawula lokubhaliwe lokulindzeleke ngaphasi kwaleso sigatjana.
INdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo, ngekubonisana neliBhodi leluSito lweTemtsetfo lelisukunyiswe ngekulandzela sigaba 2 seMtsetfo weliBhodi leluSito lweTemtsetfo, 1969 uMtsetfo Nombolo 22 wanga-1969, itawenta tibonelelo letifanele mayelana nekuniketwa kwelusito lwetemtsetfo ebantfwini labaphuyile.
Kucitfwa kwemshado wesilungu lovele ukhona
 Uma kwenteka umlingani wasemshadweni wesilungu lovele ukhona afake sicelo sedivosi ngekulandzela umtsetfo weDivosi, 1979 (UMtsetfo Nombolo 70 wanga-1979), ngemuva kwekucala kwekusebenta kwaloMtsetfo, inkantolo angeke iwucitse lowo mshado wesilungu ngekuniketa incwadzi yesehlukaniso idzimate leyo nkantolo ibe inetisekile ngekutsi lomshado wesiSulumani lohambisanako nawo ucitsiwe.
Uma kwenteka indvodza yencaba, nganobe ngutiphi tizatfu, kumemetela iTalakhi lengenakuhociseka, umfati wakulowo mshado wesiSulumani lohambisanako utawuba nelilungelo lekufaka sicelo sencwadzi yesehlukaniso seFaskhi ngekulandzela loMtsetfo macondzana naleyo nhloso kuphela, kantsi ngaphasi kwaleso simo timiso taloMtsetfo titawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi.
Etimeni letilindzeleke ngaphasi kwesigatjana 2, loludzaba lungatfunyelwa enkantolo kutsi iyocubungula imiphumela yetemphahla yalomshado nobe yalokunye ngekulandzela umtsetfo weDivosi kanye naleminye imitsetfo lehambisanako yetemishado.
Uma ngetulu kwemshado wesilungu lovele ukhona, lendvodza beyiphindze yangena kulomunye umshado nobe imishado yesiSulumani leyengetiwe lokumele ibhaliswe ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo, umlingani nobe balingani labavele bakhona balendvodza kumele bahlanganiswe kulesicelo sedivosi lesilindzeleke ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1.
Timiso tesigatjana 1 titawusebenta, ngetingucuko letingadzingeka ngenca yengcikitsi, kubalingani basemshadweni wesilungu lovele ukhona labakhetse kwemukela timiso taloMtsetfo njengobe kulindzelekile ngaphasi kwesigaba 2.
Ticelo tasenkantolo letingaphikiswa
 Uma kwenteka ticelo tasenkantolo tifakwe ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo macondzana nekucinisekiswa nobe kuniketwa kwencwadzi yesehlukaniso sekucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani nobe lesinye sincumo, bese leto ticelo tingaphikiswa, nobe uma kwenteka labalingani babe bente sivumelwano sekusombulula nobe ngukuphi lokungahle kuvele, loludzaba lutawulalelwa liJaji lelingumSulumani ngaphandle kwebelekeleli.
Incwadzi yesehlukaniso sekucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani angeke iniketwe nobe icinisekiswe ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo ngaphandle kwekutsi lijaji lelengamele libe lenetisekile kutsi timfuno letinhle uma kukhona bantfwana labasebancane bakulowo mshado tiyatanakisiswa.
Timisomgomo
 INdvuna yeTebulungiswa nekuTfutfukiswa kweMtsetfosisekelo, ngemuva kwekubonisana neNdvuna, ingenta timisomgomo -
a letimayelana -
i netimfuneko lokumele kuhlangatjetanwe nato kanye nemininingwane lokumele iniketwe kuMshadisi mayelana nekubhaliswa nekucitfwa kwemshado wesiSulumani;
ii nendlela lokumele umshadisi atenetise ngayo mayelana nekuba khona nobe kuba semtsetfweni kwemshado wesiSulumani;
iii nendlela lokumele nobe ngubani angafaka ngayo ligalelo ekuletseni bufakazi mayelana nekuba khona nobe ekubhalisweni kwanobe ngumuphi umshado wesiSulumani;
iv neluhlobo nalokucuketfwe etitifiketini, etatisweni, etitatimendeni letifungelwe kanye nasetimemetelweni letidzingekile ngekwetinhloso taloMtsetfo;
v nekugcinwa, kucinisekiswa, kusetjentiswa, kulungiswa, kugaywa kanye nekulahlwa kwanobe nguyiphi imiculu lemayelana nekubhaliswa kwemishado yesiSulumani nobe kwanobe ngumuphi lomunye umculu lomisiwe ngekulandzela timisomgomo;
vi nanobe nguluphi lolunye ludzaba lokudzingeke nobe loluvunyelwe kutsi lumiswe ngekulandzela loMtsetfo; kanye vii nekukhetfwa, kubhaliswa, lucwebu lwekutiphatsa kanye nekufa nemakhono ebelekeleki lokufaka ekhatsi nekukhokhelwa kwetibonelelo tebelekeleli;
viii nanobe nguluphi lolunye lodzaba loludzingekile nobe lolusemcoka kutsi kuniketelwe ngekubhaliswa lokufanelekile kwemishado yesiSulumani nobe kuphatfwa ngalokunemphumelelo kwaloMtsetfo; kanye b nekumiswa kwetimali letikhokhwako mayelana nekubhaliswa kwemshado wesiSulumani kanye nekuniketwa kwanobe ngusiphi sitifiketi lesihambelana naloko.
Nanobe ngusiphi simisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 lesingaholela encitfweni yetetimali kumBuso kumele sentiwe ngekubonisana neNdvuna yeTetimali.
Nanobe ngusiphi simisomgomo lesentiwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 singaniketela ngekutsi nobe ngubani lowephula simiso saso nobe lowehluleka kuhambisana naso utawubekwa licala lesephulomtsetfo kantsi uma angalahlwa licala kutawumele ahlawuliswe nobe aye ejele sikhatsi lesingengci umnyaka munye.
Tindleko ecaleni ledivosi
Inkantolo angeke ibopheleke kutsi ikhiphe sincumo mayelana netindleko letivuna umuntfu lophumelele ecaleni ledivosi, kepha inkantolo, ngemuva kwekucubungula timo tetimbangi kanye nekutiphatsa kwato, ingakhipha sincumo lesibona njengalesinebulungiswa, futsi inkantolo ingayalela kutsi tindleko talo lonkhe licala tabiwe emkhatsini kwalamacembu.
Imishado yesiSulumani lokungenwe kuyo emaveni angephandle
Uma kwenteka kuba nekungcubutana lokumayelana nekutsi ngabe umshado wesiSulumani lokungenwe kuwo eveni langephandle uyemukeleka nobe awemukeleki njengemshado losemtsetfweni wesiSulumani ngaphasi kwaloMtsetfo, loko kungcubutana kutawuncunywa yinkantolo lokumele icubungule tonkhe timphawu nemaphuzu, lokufaka ekhatsi umgomo wekungcubutana kwemitsetfo yemave ngemave.
Kuchitjiyelwa kwemitsetfo
Lemitsetfo lephawulwe kuleShejuli iyacitfwa kufinyelela ezingeni lelendlalwe kuloluhlu lwesitsatfu kuleShejuli.
Sihloko lesifisha nekucala kusebenta
LoMtsetfo ubitwa ngekutsi nguMtsetfo wemiShado yesiSulumani, 20?, futsi ucala kusebenta ngelusuku lolumiswe nguMengameli ngesimemetelo kuMculu waHulumende.
SIHLOMELO A
TINCHAZELO SIGABA 1
SIHLOMELO B
KUSETJENTISWA KWEMTSETFO
SIGABA 2
SIGABA 2 
YONKHE IMISHADO - IMISHADO LESEMTSETFWENI
UMA UKHETSA KUBA NGEKHATSI NOBE UKHETSA KUBA NGEPHANDLE
IMISHADO YESILUNGU LEVELE IKHONA
ILAWULWA NGUMTSETFO WEMSHADO WANGA-1961
UNGENTA KUTSI LETINYE TIMISO TISEBENTE
SIHLOMELO C
INCHUBO YEKUCITFWA KWEMSHADO WESISULUMANI
SIGABA 9
SIHLOMELO D
KUSONJULULWA KWEKUNGCUBUTANA NGEKULANDZELA UMTSETFO WEMISHADO YESISULUMANI
SIGABA 13
SIGABA 14
SIGABA 15
